Negative and positive feedback

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7 Terms

1
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What is negative feedback?

A control system where a change in a condition triggers a response that restores it back to normal.

2
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What are the three parts of a negative feedback system?

  1. Receptor detects change.

  2. Coordination centre (brain, spinal cord, pancreas) processes information.

  3. Effector (muscles/glands) responds to restore conditions.

3
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Give examples of processes controlled by negative feedback.

  • Body temperature regulation.

  • Blood glucose concentration.

  • Water balance (via ADH).

  • Thyroxine levels.

4
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Why is negative feedback important?

It keeps conditions stable for enzymes and cells to function properly.

5
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What is positive feedback?

A control system where a change triggers a response that amplifies the change instead of reversing it.

6
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Give an example of positive feedback in biology.

  • During childbirth, oxytocin causes contractions → contractions stimulate more oxytocin release → stronger contractions until birth.

  • Blood clotting cascade (platelets release chemicals → more platelets activated → clot forms).

7
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What is the main difference between negative and positive feedback?

  • Negative feedback restores conditions to normal (stabilising).

  • Positive feedback pushes conditions further away from normal (amplifying).