Introduction to Psychological Statistics - Key Concepts

10 flashcards covering key concepts from the introductory notes on psychological statistics.

What are the two general categories of statistics in psychology?

Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

What are the four scales of measurement?

Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

How do discrete variables differ from continuous variables?

Discrete variables are countable and usually whole numbers; continuous variables can take any value within a range, including fractions.

What is a parameter?

A numerical value that describes a population.

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

A population is the entire group of interest; a sample is a subset drawn from the population used to infer about it.

What is a representative sample?

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population.

What is random sampling and why is it used?

A method where each individual has an equal chance of being selected, reducing bias.

What is descriptive statistics?

Statistics that summarize and describe data, providing a snapshot of the data.

What is inferential statistics?

Statistics that allow generalizations, predictions, or conclusions about a population from a sample.

What are the four goals of psychology as listed in the notes?

Describe behavior and mental processes; understand or explain the causes behind them; predict future behavior; control or influence behavior to improve lives.