social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary Ist

-how did the attack on protestantism begin?

attack on protestantism began under Mary’s first parliament in october 1553:

-edwardian religious laws repealed
-Order of service at the time of Henry VIIIths death in 1547 was restored

-all married clergly could be deprived of livings

-legal status of the church upheld

what were some limits to marys first attack on protestantism in 1553?

By relying on parliamentery legislation to reverse royal supremacy, Mary effectively acknowledge the superiority of statute law over papal law.

what was discovered about monastic lands?

the imperial ambassador Renard told Charles Vth that more ex monastic lands was in the hands of catholics than protestant.

how was the issue of monastries resolved?

Pope Julius IIIrd by 1554 accepted that the restoration of monastries was impossible, following diplomacy.

-cardinal pole became papal legate and archbishop of cantebury in november 1554.

when and what was the act of repeal? what controversy surrounded it?

the 1555 act of repeal revoked the royal supremacy

-however, Cardinal Poles grudging attitude on the restoration of church property made hm an object of suspicion among landlords, leading to unpopular government.

what issues did the popes death bring?

Pope Julius IIIrd died in 1555 and was replaced by the anti spanish pope Paul IVth.

-paul viewed pole as a heretic, and dismissed him as papal legate in 1557.

when and what were the marian exiles?

1554 mass exodus of 800 protestants to germany and switzerland

how many protestants were burnt at the stake? who did this include?

around 280 protestants were burnt at the stake.:

thomas cranmer, bishop hooper and ridley all burnt at the stake.

what was the war of words. ?

Mary was unable to win the propoganda war against protestants:

-19,000 copies of the 1552 book of common prayer remained in circulation

-latimer and ridley, along protestant leaders at oxford were able to write pamphlets and letters while imprisoned, which circulated outside.

how did population iccrease effect the economy?

there was continued pressure on demand due to rapid increase in population
-led to increase of inflation.

when were the harvest failures and how did it effect the economy?

Harvest failures in 1555 and 1556 brought severe food shortages
-strain on real wages for the poor.

what was the sickness and how did it effect the economy?

sweating sickness of 1557 and 1558 led to the highest death toll of the 16th century

how did mary reform financial adminsitration?

in 1554 the court of exchequer took over from both the court of first fruits and tenths and the court of augmentations.
-this streamlined finance.

-financial administration under lord treasurer winchester was also highly competent.

what is a judgement of marys finacnial stability|?

-Finacial records for a government at war was good.

-long term security boosted by plans for recoinange in 1556 and 1558 however this was implemented under elizabeth.

-the new book of rates in 1558 increased customs revenue dramatically.

when was the wyatt rebellion? how many were invovled?

1554 - 300 men involved led by sir thomas wyatt.

what was the religious cause of teh wyatt rebellion>

-many of wyatts supporters came from maidenstone, a protestant stronghold.

what was the xenophobia cause of the wyatt rebellion?

-fear of engalnd becoming a vassal state of spain through marriage to phillip. this was clearly the main cause.

what was the socioeconomic cause of the rebellion?

decline in local cloth industry may have prompted some poorer rebels.

-some gentry who had lost local office also joined the rebellion.

how was the 1554 wyatt rebellion crushed?

While the original plans for rebellion aimed for 4 simulataneous risings, the plans were leaked and only kent expierenced a serious rising.

-wyatt and his supporters were stopped half a kilometer form the queen at the tower. they surrendered and begged for mercy.

what were the importance consequences of the wyatt rebellion?

-showed that the protestant voice could not be ignored.
-demonstrated controversy of 1554 marriage
-resulted in the execution of lady jane grey due to her fathers support for the rebellion.

what was the nature of humanist developments under mary ?

little influence of humansim:
-no scope for expression of evangelical humanism under marian catholicism.

-works of erasmus placed under a list of prohibited books by the papacy, which was reflected in england.

how was there a level of catholic intellectual advancement?

Edmund Bonner, Bishop of london published A profitiable and necessary doctrine which explained the catholic faith at a straightforward level.

Bonner also published a new book of homilies to replace Cranmers in parish churches.