Science Cell System

interphase

cell grows in size and prepares to divide. Copies DNA (Chromatids). A pair of centrioles is replicated in animal cells to help divide DNA later.

Mitosis

consists of 4 different stages of cell division

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Telophase

Chromatids are pulled to each side of the cell. Nuclear membrane reforms around 2 separate nuclei.

Cytokinesis

cytoplasm divides in two to create 2 daughter cells.

Cytokinesis ( animal cell )

cell membrane squeezes in the middle of two separate cells

Cytokinesis ( plant cells )

cel wall cannot squeeze together, so a cell plate forms between the 2 daughter cells ( new cell walls form).

Photo

Light

synthesis

putting together

Photosynthesis

A chemical reaction that happens in a plants chloroplast which converts carbon dioxide ( from air) + water —> sugar + oxygen (by product)

Reaction rate in photosynthesis depends on what?

amount of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

What do chloroplasts use to absorb sunlight splits water into h + 0

chlorophyll (green photosynthetic pigment)

H

combines with other atoms

O

released as a waste product through the under side of leaves which is good for humans

photosynthesis chemical reaction

light energy + carbon dioxide + water ——> glucose + oxygen

Photosynthesis balanced chemical equation

6CO2 + 6H2O—>c6h12o6 + 6o2

What do cells produce

Sugar

What do carbohydrates do

Store chemical energy or produce larger molecules

Cellular respiration

the process in which oxygen and glucose are involved in chemical reactions inside cells that release energy

What is glucose broken in to

smaller molecules

what happens to the smaller molecules

Broken down more in the mitochondria and uses oxygen folds inside mitochondria have more surface area so more reactions can happen and release a lot of energy

Cellular respiration balanced equation

c6h12o6 + 6o2 —> 6co2 + 6h2o + energy

fermentation

the release of energy without oxygen, releases less energy without oxygen

cellular respiration chemical equation

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Acholic fermentation

takes place in live yeast cells and other single celled organisms

produces alcohol, carbon dioxide, and a bit of energy. Bakers use this to create pockets of carbon dioxide gas in bread so dough rises.

Lactic acid fermentation

lactic acid is a product of fermentation in muscles

lactic acid fuels your muscles and goes away shortly after workouts.

Cells use ATP for energy and release a proton.