Personal Health Exam 1

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Chest pain, arm/neck/jaw pain, shortness of breath, nausea/lightheadedness/vomiting 

They are different symptoms in heart attacks for men and women? 

True

What is one symptom that only women experience when having a heart attack?

Back/jaw pain

Atherosclerosis is what? 

The thickening of arteries due to fat, cholestrol, and other substances

 Can atherosclerosis cause strokes and heart attacks?

Yes

Treatment for a heart attack

Coronary bypass surgery and various medications

Heart exercise testing?

Stress/excercise test and run on the treadmill while hooked to the ekg

What is an arrhythmia? 

Heart beating in an irregular fashion

What is sudden cardiac death? 

Extreme arrhythmia that lasts a few minutes and can only be cured by using a defibrillator

What is an angina?

Often mistaken for a heart attack, it is the narrowing of arteries that causes adequate oxygen to not reach the heart. It is a tightness of the heart. 

What is remission?

When signs and symptoms of cancer disapear

What is cancer?

Any abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells which can ultimately lead to death if left untreated.

Cancer is usually caused by what? 

Specific genes and mutations

What are tumors?

A mass of tissues that serves no physiological purpose 

Benign Tumors are what? 

Non cancerous

Malignant tumors are what?

Cancerous 

What is metastasis?

Spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to the other

What is carcinomas?

Arise in epithelial tissues that cover external body surfaces, line internal tubes and cavities, and form the secreting portion of glands.

Sarcomas

Arise from connective and fibrous tissues such as muscle, bone, cartilage, and the membranes covering muscles and fat.

Lymphomas 

Cancers of the blood forming cells, which reside chiefly in bone marrow. 

What is the BMI of a medically obese person

30 or higher

 BMI is based on what?

Height and genetics

Men store fat where?

Abs

Women store fat where?

Arms

Q. An adult with a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered what? 

Overweight

What is bioelectric impedance analysis? 

Electrodes are attached to the body and a current is passed through the body. The amount of resistance to the current is proportional to the amount of fat in the body

What is a hydrostatic weighing?

 Putting someone in a tank of water and calculate fat from body density. People with more fat tend to float and weigh less underwater.

Which age group has the largest male/female ratio? 

18-24

What aspects of health does body composition effect? 

Heart disease, cancer, skin problems, kidney disease, sleep problems, black problems, and arthritis

What are some determinants of disease?

Behavior, infection, genetics, geography, enviroment, medical care, and socioeconimic-cultural

What is a distal determinant?

A determinant that is remote, either in position, time or resemblance to the outcome of concern

What is a proximal determinant?

A determinant that is much closer to the outcome of concern.

A determinant identifies what?

The underlying factors, or "causes of causes" that ultimately bring about disease

Factors are what?

Interrelated

What is the strongest and most pervasive distal determinant of health?

Socioeconomic

Q. Women tend to be more intoxicated at a given level of alcohol intake compared to men

True

Q. Low-income families have a greater probability of developing disease than that of higher-income families.

True

What typically plays a role in the development and progression of disease?

Genetics

Q. Geographic location does what? 

Influences the frequency and presence of a disease

Infection

Organism that is the direct cause of a disease

Men are more likely to suffer from what? 

Heart disease

Women are more likely to suffer from what?

Depression

Q. The older you are the more likely you are to suffer for all conditions, especially heart disease in men. 

True

Q. What are the three key changes in population? 

Demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional

Four areas to consider when judging information?

Validity, timeliness, accuracy, and completeness

5 basic questions that make up the evidence-based public health approach.

The problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, evaluation

When describing a problem, what needs to be addressd? 

The burden of course and distribution of disease

Burden of disease

The occurrence of disability and death due to a disease (aka morbidity and mortality)

Course of a disease asks what?

How often the disease occurs, how likely it is to be present currently, and what happens once it occurs

Incidence rates 

Number of events per 100,000 people

Mortality rates

The incident of death due to disease

Case fatality

The chances of dying from a disease once its diagnosed

 Prevalance

the number of individuals who have a disease at a particular time divided by the number of individuals who could potentially have the disease

 7 S’s of Quantitative Sources of Public Health

Single case studies, statistics surveys, self-report, sentinel monitoring, sydromic surveillance, and social media

Three elements of associative memory framework

Association , Implicit Processes , Neurobiological plausibility

Association 

The linkages or connections in memory

Q. Patterns for network models depend on what kind of cues experienced?

Environmental, social, internal 

System 1

Fast and automatic thought processing

Q. System 2

Slower, effortful thought processing

Q. Which theories rely on System II processing assumptions?

Health belief model, expectancy/value theories, and theory of reasoned action/behavior