Bio- Intro to Genetics

What is the theory of blending in genetics?

The idea that the mother and father’s traits are blended in the offspring.

Who is Gregor Mendel and what is he known for?

Born in 1822 in Czech Republic, Mendel is known for his work on pea experiments and the foundation of genetics.

What is the pistil in a flower?

The female reproductive structure of a flower.

What is self-pollination?

When a flower pollinates itself.

What is the outcome of cross-pollinating a round X wrinkled pea plant?

The first generation (F1) will be all round, and the second generation (F2) will be ¾ round and ¼ wrinkled.

What does the principle of dominance state?

The dominant allele will be expressed even if present with a recessive allele.

What is the definition of homozygous?

Having both alleles the same.

What is a monohybrid cross?

A genetic cross differing in one trait.

What is the role of the anther in a flower?

The male gonad that produces pollen, which is the plant sperm.

What is meant by genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism.

What is the principle of segregation?

The idea that when gametes are formed, the alleles separate so that each gamete carries one allele per trait.

What does the allele term 'heterozygous' mean?

Having different alleles for a trait.

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To predict possible gamete combinations and the resulting offspring genotypes.

What is a dihybrid cross?

A genetic cross that involves two traits.

What is phenotype?

The physical expression of a genotype.

What is independent assortment?

The principle that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

What is a recessive allele?

An allele that is masked by the presence of a dominant allele.

What is a gamete?

A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that carries one allele for each gene.

What is the role of fertilization in genetics?

The process that combines the genetic material from two parents to create a new organism.

What is the sepal in a flower?

The leaf-like structure that protects the flower bud.

What is the role of petals in a flower?

The colorful parts that attract pollinators.

What is stamen?

The male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

What is the function of the ovary in a flower?

The part of the pistil that contains the ovules and develops into fruit.

What is the ovule?

The structure within the ovary that develops into a seed after fertilization.

What is the role of sepals in a flower?

Sepals protect the flower before it blooms and support the petals.

What is a style in a flower?

The slender stalk of the pistil, connecting the stigma to the ovary.

What is the stigma in a flower?

The part of the pistil where pollen grains germinate.

What is the filament in the stamen?

The stalk that supports the anther in the flower.

What is the role of the ovary in a flower?

The enlarged base of the pistil where ovules are housed.