Growth of America + Age of Reform

Identify the term nationalism & what virtues does America hold important.

Nationalism: pride in your country, grows after 1812. Virtues: self-reliance, hard working, rugged individuals, sacrifice for community, harmony

Explain how art and literature changed after the War of 1812

Began focusing on America

Identify Noah Webster and his work.

American Dictionary

Identify Washington Irving and his works.

Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hallow, Life of George Washington

Identify James Fenimore Cooper and his work.

Last of the Mohicans - French + Indian War

Explain how art changed at this time.

Began focusing on Americans

Identify Gilbert Stuart and his work.

Unfinished portrait of Washington

Identify Charles Wilson Peale and his work.

famous portrait of Jefferson

Identify John Trumball and his work.

famous painting of the signing of the Declaration

Explain the Tariff of 1816.

(tax on imports), congress raised tariffs after war of 1812 to protect u.s. manufacturers/get people to buy goods, 1st protective tariff, wasn't created to get $$, not strong enough, during Madison's presidency.

Identify the Era of Good Feeling.

refers to Monroe's presidency, reality: really an illusion bc problems quickly developed (tariffs, internal improvements, public land sales + sectionalism)

Explain the Panic of 1819.

(Causes, who was hit, who was blamed)

Causes: Overspeculation of land (People got land + thought they could resell @ higher price) West was hard hit, banks are blamed.

Explain Henry Clay's American System.

Protective tariffs, National Blank, Internal improvements (roads, trains, canals), -Madison + Monroe didn't agree, states should pay to provide this

Explain the reason for the Monroe Doctrine.

Protect Western Hemisphere - wanted Europeans out bc they were a threat

Explain the major points of the Monroe Doctrine.

Existing colonies will be left alone, no new colonies in Western Hemp, US will see this as a threat, US will stay out of European affairs.

Explain the impact of the Monroe Doctrine.

Shapes future policies.

Identify the term Manifest Destiny.

The belief we (US) have a god-given right to expand West (Pacific).

Identify the reasons why people moved west.

Cheap land, hoping to get rich (mining), adventure (kill Natives + buffalos)

Describe the trip west.

Took months, rough trip, costly.

Explain the issue with admitting Missouri into statehood.

Missouri wants to be a state, slavery an issue, balance of power in Senate.

Explain the Tallmadge Amendment and identify whether this was accepted.

Gradual reduction in slavery, hold slaves until 25. Just an idea, never happened.

Explain Clay's proposals and identify whether this was accepted.

Missouri a slave state, Maine will free, they establish a line (36•30' parallel) through America across the LA territory for slavery South of line, banned in North, passed.

Explain the aftermath of the Missouri Compromise.

Divided Americans into sections. (sectionalism)

Explain the first and second agreements that were reached regarding the Oregon territory.

Land dispute between Us + Brit led to agreement that made Canadian Border. (49th parallel)

Identify the road used to reach the Oregon territory.

Cumberland Road.

Explain the reason for the purchase of Florida and identify from what country we bought it from.

Natives attacking us + fleeing to Spanish FL. US buys it from Spain.

Identify how fast the population of America was growing during the early nineteenth century.

Grows rapidly.

Identify the reasons for the population boom during the early nineteenth century.

Reproduction, land for farming, cheap land.

Identify the reason why the Irish came, what jobs they filled, and why they were disliked.

Potato Famine, most did factory or RR work. Discriminated- take jobs, lower wages, Catholic.

Identify the reason why Germans came, where they settled and what occupation they did.

Crop failures, political unrest. Farming

Explain the term, nativist.

Pro-Native born Americans. Hate immigrants.

Identify the political parties nativists groups formed.

Know-Nothing party/ American party - anti-immigrant.

Explain why immigrants were discriminated against in the early nineteenth century.

Immigrants were blamed for jobs, crime, bringing down culture.

Explain what happened in cities during the early nineteenth century.

Cities grew, tenements + run-down apartments.

Identify who was normally in charge of constructing roads.

States, they charged tolls.

Identify the first federal highway and where it connected.

Cumberland Rd, MD to IL.

Identify what the Erie Canal connects and why it was important.

Connects lake Erie to Hudson River.

Moving farming crops.

Identify Robert Fulton.

Creator of steamboats. Steamboats were cheaper + faster.

Identify the first railroad company in America.

B+O was lst RR. (Baltimore and Ohio)

Explain where railroads were mainly built in the early nineteenth century.

RR in North East the most because of factories

Identify the term mechanization.

Machines are doing the work.

Identify the new machines used in the textile industries.

Spinning Jenny, Water frame, Power Loom.

Identify the inventions of Eli Whitney.

Cotton gin, interchangeable parts.

Identify the invention of Elias Howe.

Sewing machine

Identify and explain the significance of Samuel Slater.

Ist water powered mill, found in RI.

Identify and explain the significance of Francis Cabot Lowell.

1st centralized textile mill in Lowell

MA. all forms of production is centralized.

Identify the term capitalism / free enterprise.

private businesses can operate w/ little gov. interference. businesses focused on profit

Describe the labor system during the early nineteenth century factories.

typically young, unmarried girls worked 10-14 hours a day, with low pay & in bad working conditions (pollution).

Identify the purpose of a union.

An organization of workers for rights.

Identify the first union and what they demanded.

National Trade Union, they demanded reduce hours.

Identify the three problems unions ran into in the early nineteenth century.

They could be seen as illegal, workers fired & replaced.

Identify the term commercial farming.

Farming for profit. Cheap land, better tech.

Identify John Deere

Steel plow.

Identify Cyrus McCormick

Reaper (Cuts grass/wheat)

Identify the economy of the West

Grain

Identify the economy of the North.

Factories

Identify the economy of the South.

Cotton (due to cotton gin)

Explain the Second Great Awakening.

Religious movement, preaching that anyone could be saved if had faith

Identify the term evangelical and describe the meetings.

emotional preaching

Explain the denomination of Unitarians. (Don't believe in Holy Trinity)

they believe they are seperate, accept science over religion

Explain the denomination of Baptists.

Baptism should come later in life when you accept it.

Explain the denomination of Methodists.

common people are the preachers, laid - back.

Identify the leader of Millerites / Adventists.

believed the end was coming; today they believe that health/religion go together (health gurus)

Identify the key leaders of the Mormons.

Joseph Smith, Brigham Young

Explain the denomination of Mormons.

Polygamy

Identify where the Mormons moved to.

Utah

Identify the term transcendentalism

Believe in spiritual awakening, become one w/ nature, pre-hippies

Identify and explain the famous work of Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Self-Reliance: independent thinking, anti-conformity

Identify and explain the famous works of Henry David Thoreau.

"Walden"-become one w/ nature,"Civil Disobedience" - non violent protest (no pay taxes)

Identify and describe the style of art of the time period

Hudson River School-focusing on nature

Identify Nathanial Hawthorne and his famous work.

Scarlett Letter-non-conformity

Identify Herman Melville and his famous work.

Moby Dick - Cultural conflict

Identify Edgar Allan Poe and his famous work.

The Raven-mystery, grim stuff

Explain the utopia of Brook Farm.

MA, transcendentalists, relied on farming, destroyed by fire.

Explain the utopia of the Shakers.

Believed in complete gender sep., died out

Explain the utopia of New Harmony.

Indiana, believed in gender equality

Explain the utopia of Oneida.

complex marriage, silver ware company.

Explain the reason for the temperance movement during the mid-nineteenth century.

alcohol blamed for laziness, abuse

Identify the temperance organization that formed.

Am. Temperance Society

Explain the results of the

temperance movement during the mid-nineteenth century.

very few states banned, consumption dropped.

Explain the reform movement of mental hospitals and identify who led this movement

Dorothea Dix, realized that mentals went to jail, now- mentally ill people not send to prison - mental hospitals

Explain the reform movement for the blind and deaf during the mid-nineteenth century.

schools opened

Explain the reform movement of prisons during the mid-nineteenth century.

No more harsh conditions

Identify Horace Mann and explain his philosophy.

promoted public education, funded by tax

Identify McGuffey Readers.

textbooks

Explain how higher education changed during the mid-nineteenth century.

state schools open (cheaper), more women colleges open.

Explain the idea of the cult of domesticity.

women are responsible for the home and moral education of children

Identify Lucretia Mott + Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her role in the women's movement.

created 1st women's convention at Seneca Falls

Identify Susan B. Anthony and her role in the women's movement.

NWSA

National Women's Suffrage Assoc.

(suffrage) - voting

Identify Margaret Fuller and her role in the women's movement.

write women in the 19th century, 1st fem book- dealing w/ women issues

Explain the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention.

1st Women's Right convention in Seneca Falls, wrote Decl. of Sentiments

Explain the Declaration of Sentiments.

bashes men, how they have kept women down.

Explain the American Colonization Society.

send blacks back to Africa, an idea, never happened

Identify William Lloyd Garrison.

"The Liberator" immediate end of slavery

Identify the Liberty Party.

political party- anti-slavery - abolishment, never a big party

Identify Frederick Douglass.

former slave - "North Star" - anti-slavery

Explain Douglass', Independence Day speech.

Calls Am. a hypocrite, not free - on July 4th

Identify Harriet Tubman.

Conductor of the Underground railroad, help hundreds of slaves escape to freedom

Identify Sojourner Truth

helped underground, speaks about women "Ain't I a Women?"

Describe Grabriel Prosser's + Denmark Vesey's revolts.

planning to have slave rebellion, caught, didn't happen, executed,