Exam 1: Muscle, Bone, Lymph, and Nerve Anatomy

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/103

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

104 Terms

1
New cards

3 types of muscle fibers

-skeletal

-smooth

-cardiac

2
New cards

skeletal muscle

striated; voluntary movement

3
New cards

smooth muscle

non-striated; in hollow organs

4
New cards

cardiac muscle

involuntary; only in heart

5
New cards

fascial layers

-collagen/tissue

-covers bones

6
New cards

2 types of fascia

-superficial

-deep

7
New cards

Aponeuroses

broad sheets of fibers that attach to bone or to the coverings of other muscles

8
New cards

retinaculum

fascial band in joint region

-prevents "bow-stringing"

9
New cards

brusae

fluid filled (synovial fluid) cavities between fascial planes

-reduce friction between tendons, muscles, bones, and ligaments

10
New cards

epimysium

connective tissue, surrounds skeletal muscles

11
New cards

perimysium

small compartments of layered muscle

-contain fascicles

12
New cards

endomsium

connective3 tissue containing muscle fibers

13
New cards

order of depth of connective tissue (outer--> in)

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

14
New cards

waste products of muscles

heat

15
New cards

larger muscles results in ___ bones

thicker

16
New cards

motor neurons

control skeletal muscle

17
New cards

synapse

-where the axon connects to the dendrite

-each functional connection

-release neurotransmitters

18
New cards

posterior horns in vertebral disc

sensory

19
New cards

anterior horns in vertebral disc

motor neuron cells

20
New cards

dendrites

-receive stimulus from other cells

21
New cards

axon

communicates with other neurons or effectors

22
New cards

peripheral nerve fibers

epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

23
New cards

dermatomes

innervate skin

24
New cards

myotomes

innervate muscle

25
New cards

hands

C6-C8

26
New cards

origin

end of a skeletal muscle fastened to immovable part of a moveable joint

-more proximal

27
New cards

insertion

other end of muscle that connects to movable part on the other side of the joint

-more distal

28
New cards

tendon

attaches muscles to bones

29
New cards

skeletal muscles function ___

in groups

30
New cards

nervous system

stimulates the desired muscles to perform intended function

31
New cards

agonist

muscle that contracts to produce a movement

32
New cards

synergist

muscle that works with an agonist to make it more effective

33
New cards

antagonists

cause movement in opposite direction

34
New cards

fixator

increase tone but doesn't produce movement

35
New cards

isometric contraction

muscles exerts force but no movement

36
New cards

isotonic contraction

muscles shortens to produce motion

37
New cards

2 types of isotonic contractions

-concentric: flexing biceps

-eccentric: releasing biceps

38
New cards

concentric contraction

overcomes resisted; shortens while contracts; flex

39
New cards

eccentric contraction

resistance is greater than force so the muscle lengthens as it contracts; extend

40
New cards

10 types of skeletal muscle

circular, fusiform, multipennate, bipennate, unipennate, flat, parallel, quadrate, convergent, digastric

41
New cards

bones are what kind of tissue

connective

42
New cards

bone functions

-support and protect

-movement

-hematopoiesis

-produce ions

43
New cards

what percentage of minerals Ca and K do bones store

90%

44
New cards

axial skeleton

supports head, neck, and trucks

(skull, hyoid, vertebra, ribs)

45
New cards

appendicular skeleton

contains upper and lower limb bones

(pectoral girdle, all limbs, pelvic girdle)

46
New cards

how many bones are in the body

206

47
New cards

clavicle is the ___ to ossify and the ___ to fuse

first, last

48
New cards

types of bones

flat, irregular, sesamoid, short, long

49
New cards

long bones

arm/forearm, thigh, phalanges, legs

50
New cards

epiphysis

-at each end of the bone

-articulates with another bone

-spongy bone

51
New cards

diaphysis

long portion of the bone (shaft)

-compact bone

-marrow cavity

52
New cards

periosteum

surrounds bones

53
New cards

endosteum

lining of the marrow cavity

54
New cards

metaphysis

located between proximal epiphysis and diaphysis

55
New cards

epiphyseal plate

growth plate

56
New cards

osteoclasts

destroy bone; send Ca away

57
New cards

osteoblast

build bone; pull in Ca

58
New cards

Short bones

wrist/ankle (carpals/tarsals)

59
New cards

flat (squamous)

ribs, shoulder, some skull, sternum

60
New cards

irregular bones

many facial bones, spinal and pelvic vertebra

61
New cards

sesamoid

inside tendons near joints (patella)

62
New cards

condyle

rounded articular surface on bone

63
New cards

crest

ridge on bone

64
New cards

epicondyle

eminence superior to a condyle on bone

65
New cards

facet

smooth, flat surface on bone

66
New cards

foramen

passage/hole through a bone

67
New cards

fossa

hollow area or depression in bone

68
New cards

linea

linear elevation in bone

69
New cards

malleolus

rounded prominence on bone

70
New cards

notch

indentation in bone

71
New cards

process

spinous projection in bone

72
New cards

protuberance

projection in bone

73
New cards

spine

thorn-like structure on bone

74
New cards

trochanter

large blunt projection on bone

75
New cards

tubercle

small raised eminence on bone

76
New cards

tuberosity

large round elevation on bone

77
New cards

bones take ___ to heal

4-6 weeks

78
New cards

it takes ___ for a callus to form on a healing bone

within 2 weeks

79
New cards

Type 1 (straight) fracture

transverse fracture through the growth plate

80
New cards

Type 2 (above) fracture

fracture through the growth plate and metaphysis

81
New cards

Type 3 (lower) fracture

fracture through the growth plate and epiphysis

82
New cards

Type 4 (two/through) fracture

fracture through growth plate, epiphysis, and metaphysis

83
New cards

Type 5 (ER/Crush) fracture

compression fracture of the growth plate

84
New cards

Cartilage types

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

85
New cards

joint classifications

synarthrotic (fibrous), amphiarthrotic (cartilaginous), diarthrotic (synovial)

86
New cards

fibrous joints

lay between bones that closely contact eachother

-very little movement!!

87
New cards

cartilaginous joints

synchondrosis, symphysis

88
New cards

primary cart joint (synchondrosis)

no movement!!

ex ribs

89
New cards

secondary cart join (symphysis)

small amount of movement possible

intervertebral disc

90
New cards

intervertebral disc

layer of cartilage separating adjacent vertebra

91
New cards

synovial

allow free movement!!

have a lining that secrete synovial fluid

ex knee, shoulder, elbow

92
New cards

synovial joints

ball-and-socket, condyloid (ellipsoidal), gliding (plane), hinge, pivot, saddle

93
New cards

Plane/Gliding joint

-wrist and ankles

-flat bones that slide on one another

94
New cards

Hinge joint

-elbow and phalanges

-flexion/extension

95
New cards

pivot joint

-between proximal ends of radius and ulna

-rotation

96
New cards

Condyloid/Ellipsoid joint

-between metacarpals and phalanges, wrist

-flexion/extension

-abduction/adduction

-rotation possible

97
New cards

Saddle joint

-between carpal and metacarpal bones

-flexion/extension

-abduction/adduction

-circumduction

98
New cards

ball and socket joint

-shoulders and hips

-one bone fits into socket like concavity

-flexion/extension

-abduction/adduction

-medial/lateral rotation

-circumduction

99
New cards

ligaments

Connect bone to bone

-avascular!!

100
New cards

lymphatic system

production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells