PHIL 120 Quiz #1

Philosophy Translation

Philosophy Translation

Love of wisdom.

Theoretical Philosophy

Asks fundamental questions about how the world IS; facts.

Practical Philosophy

Asks fundamental questions about how the world OUGHT to be; values.

The following questions are an example of what?

- Does God exist?

- Do humans have free will?

- How far does human knowledge extend?

- What is the purpose of law?

- Do humans have immaterial souls?

Theoretical Philosophy

The following questions are an example of what?

- What virtues should I develop to thrive?

- How should I treat strangers? Do I have obligations to them?

- What are the main values that should inform our social institutions? - Do we have obligations to respect all life?

- What should I do when morality and self-interest conflict?

Practical Philosophy

Theoretical Wisdom

What people have when they are especially strong in theoretical matters

Practical Wisdom

What people have when they are especially strong in practical matters

Reason

Logical arguments supported by facts used to prove philosophical questions.

True or False - Philosophy only asks the big, universal questions about the world.

False

True or False - Philosophy is bound by the rules of reality.

True

True or False - You can do philosophy well and poor.

True

Definition of Philosophy (LEARN WORD FOR WORD)

Philosophy is the discipline of rational inquiry into the truth of, reasons for, and meaning of our fundamental beliefs (those that cannot be determined by empirical science), undertaken in order to gain theoretical and practical wisdom.

What are the primary branches of Theoretical Philosophy?

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Logic

What are the primary branches of Practical Philosophy?

Normative Ethics

Normative Social-Political Philosophy

Metaphysics

Studies the ultimate nature or feature of reality.

Epistemology

Studies the nature of knowledge and the justification of knowledge claims.

Logic

Studies the nature of reasoning.

Normative Ethics

Studies how one ought to live.

Normative Social-Political Philosophy

Studies how societies ought to be organized.

The following questions are an example of what primary branch?

- What is existence?

- Is all reality ultimately one united substance, or is it divided up into different kinds of substances?

- Does God exist?

- Does everything happen for a reason?

Metaphysics

The following questions are an example of what primary branch?

- What is knowledge?

- What is the difference between true knowledge and mere opinion?

- Is knowledge ultimately based in sense-experience?

- How do we justify claims to know things?

Epistemology

The following questions are an example of what primary branch?

- What are the rules of correct reasoning?

- What are common fallacies (errors in reasoning)?

- What are the different kinds of reasoning?

Logic

The following questions are an example of what primary branch?

- How should humans live if they wish to flourish?

- What are our moral obligations to others?

- Are all persons equally owed respect in virtue of their simple humanity?

Normative Ethics

The following questions are an example of what primary branch?

- What form of government ought to be established to have flourishing societies?

- What values should inform our social institutions?

- To what degree should governments have control over individuals’ lives?

Normative Social-Political Philosophy

What secondary branch studies the nature of art and beauty?

Aesthetics

What secondary branch studies the nature of science and the scientific method?

Philosophy of Science

What secondary branch studies the nature of language and communication?

Philosophy of Language

What secondary branch studies the nature and legitimacy of law?

Philosophy of Law

What secondary branch studies the nature and legitimacy of religion, religious language, and religious claims?

Philosophy of Religion

What secondary branch studies the nature of mathematics and numbers?

Philosophy of Mathematics

What secondary branch studies the nature of the mind?

Philosophy of Mind

What secondary branch studies how moral problems in bioethical practice should be resolved?

Bioethics

What secondary branch studies how moral problems in business practice should be resolved?

Business Ethics

What secondary branch studies the nature and normative significance of race, class, and gender?

Philosophy of Race, Class, and Gender

What secondary branch studies the nature of technology and its legitimate uses?

Philosophy of Technology

What secondary branch studies questions about the nature of ethics whose answers are not action-guiding?

Metaethics

What secondary branch studies the nature and purposes of education?

Philosophy of Education

What secondary branch studies constellations of views group together from a variety of different branches?

EX: Feminism, Existentialism

Philosophical Movements

What secondary branch studies the “long conversation” of philosophy over time and people’s major contributions?

History of Philosophy

The following comparison is an example of what?

Both try to understand the world using reason. They are not competitors, but rather work at different levels and ask different questions.

Philosophy and Science Major Similarity

The following comparison is an example of what?

Science does not have the tools to answer questions about practical issues, and is ALL theoretical. Philosophy, however, can ask about the good/bad, right/wrong, ought/ought not.

Philosophy and Science Major Dissimilarity

The following comparison is an example of what?

Both ask fundamental theoretical AND practical questions.

Philosophy and Religion Major Similarity

The following comparison is an example of what?

Philosophy is committed to questioning everything using reason, while religion incorporates a faith component (belief without evidence).

Philosophy and Religion Major Dissimilarity

What is it called when people study philosophy because they think it helps them live a better life, even if it gives no money?

Intrinsic Value Reasons

What is it called when people study philosophy because it helps them get a job and earn money?

Practical Value Reasons