eoc 2 (copy)

suffrage

The right to vote in an election.

U.S. Constitution

A document that establishes a system of laws and a plan for the government.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution.

Laissez-faire

Idea of limited government interference in a country's economy; 'Hands off' approach to the economy.

unalienable

Rights that cannot be taken away.

In God We Trust

The Official motto of the United States; adopted in 1956.

liberty

Freedom from tyranny; the ability to have political rights/freedom.

populism

Common people hold the power to govern a country through participating in the political process.

Declaration of Independence

A document that lists the reasons why the 13 colonies are breaking ties with Britain.

motto

A short sentence or phrase that expresses a guiding behavior for a person or group.

1st Amendment

Freedom of speech.

2nd Amendment

The right to bear arms.

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers.

4th Amendment

No illegal searches or seizures.

5th Amendment

No testifying against yourself.

6th Amendment

Right to a speedy trial.

7th Amendment

Right to jury trial in civil cases.

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment.

9th Amendment

People's rights not listed in the constitution.

10th Amendment

Grant powers to the states.

Populist Party

An agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country's farmers.

Dawes Act

Divided up tribal lands and gave 160 acres to Native Americans who assimilated.

tenement

Overcrowded, unsanitary dwellings in cities primarily occupied by immigrants.

labor union

Group of workers who join collectively to bargain for better working conditions.

assimilation

The process by which people from one culture become a part of another culture.

political machines

An organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government.

Homestead Act

Gave 160 acres to settlers who lived on western lands for 5 years.

urbanization

The growth of cities, usually by immigration or migration from rural to urban areas.

nativism

An ideology that favors native-born people over immigrants.

trust monopoly

When one person or company has complete control over their whole industry.

Andrew Carnegie

Led Carnegie Steel, known for vertical integration.

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil Co.; known for horizontal integration.

William 'Boss' Tweed

Political boss associated with Tammany Hall.

NAACP

Civil rights organization aimed to advance justice for African Americans and other minority groups.

referendum

Any proposed law can be put on the ballot and potentially made a law.

Bull Moose Party

The political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt when he ran again in the election of 1912.

Settlement House

Community centers aimed to assist immigrants to assimilate with English classes and provide child care.

recall

Voters may remove an elected official from office before his or her term is up.

conservation

The preservation of natural resources and the natural environment.

temperance

Movement aimed to encourage people to stop drinking; notable groups include the Women’s Christian Temperance Union.

initiative

Citizens can propose a law to be placed directly on the ballot.

Square Deal

Roosevelt’s series of reforms focused on the 3 Cs: conservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

muckraker

Investigative journalists that expose social issues in the U.S. to incite reform.

18th Amendment

Banned the selling, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol.

Pure Food & Drug Act

Required contents of food and drugs to be labeled accurately.

17th Amendment

Required the direct election of senators.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Banned monopolistic practices and unfair monopolies.

Meat Inspection Act

Established health and sanitation standards in meat packaging factories.

16th Amendment

Gave Congress the power to impose an income tax.

Interstate Commerce Act

Created the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee railroad prices and practices.

19th Amendment

Guaranteed women’s suffrage.

Theodore Roosevelt

Leader of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War; creator of the Big Stick Policy.

Queen Liliuokalani

The last monarch of Hawaii; overthrown in 1893.

John Hay

McKinley’s Secretary of State who created the Open Door Policy.

Hearst & Pulitzer

Newspaper publishers who used yellow journalism to influence public opinion.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Senator who opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

Woodrow Wilson

Led the U.S. during World War I and proposed the Fourteen Points for peace.

Alfred T. Mahan

Naval officer who argued that strong navies and overseas bases were essential for national power.

Alvin York

American war hero in World War I; Medal of Honor recipient.

John J. Pershing

Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War I.

William Taft

Promoted Dollar Diplomacy, encouraging American investments in Latin America and Asia.

USS Maine

The explosion of the USS Maine led to the U.S. declaring war on Spain.

Panama Canal

Constructed to facilitate faster movement between oceans.

Open Door Policy

Established to ensure equal trade rights in China.

Boxer Rebellion

A nationalist uprising in China against foreign influence.

Spanish-American War

Conflict that marked the U.S. as a world power.

Zimmerman Note

A secret message that increased American support for entering WWI.

Fourteen Points

President Wilson's proposals for peace after WWI.

Trench Warfare

A form of combat characterized by soldiers fighting from deep trenches.

Selective Service Act

Required young men to register for military service during WWI.

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that allowed limited free speech during wartime.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement celebrating Black culture through arts and literature.

Speakeasies

Secret bars that operated during Prohibition.

Jazz Music

The popular music genre of the 1920s.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A bribery scandal involving the leasing of federal oil reserves.

Eugenics

A movement focused on selective breeding to improve genetic quality.

Scopes Monkey Trial

Trial over a teacher's right to teach evolution.

Traditionalism

Belief in maintaining long-standing cultural values.

Prohibition

The era of alcohol prohibition in the U.S. initiated by the 18th Amendment.

Modernism

Cultural movement promoting new ideas against traditional norms.

Tin Pan Alley

A famous New York district for music publishing.

Bolshevik Revolution

Led to the Red Scare in the U.S.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans to northern cities for job opportunities.

Buying on Credit

Economic trend fueled by mass production and advertising.

Consumerism

A culture of purchasing and ownership of goods.

19th Amendment

Gave women a new sense of freedom in voting rights.

Assembly Line

An efficient method of manufacturing goods.

Organized Crime

Criminal networks that grew during Prohibition.

Return to Normalcy

Post-WWI desire to revert to pre-war social practices.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Trial illustrating the Red Scare and fears of radicals.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

An agency that improved the economy and environment in the rural South.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Regulates the stock market to protect investors.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Protects bank depositors' savings.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Paid farmers to cut crop production to stabilize prices.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Created numerous jobs in public works projects during the Great Depression.

Social Security Act (SSA)

Provided pensions and aid to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Set fair labor practices to aid recovery.

Island Hopping

U.S. military strategy to capture key Pacific islands during WWII.

Battle of Midway

A pivotal naval battle in the Pacific during WWII.