M22-25

consciousness

subjective awareness of ourselves & environment

William James → stream of concious level

hypnosis

social interaction in which hypnotists suggest to subject certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors

hypnotic susceptibility

potential state of suggestive susceptibility cannot be forced into, cannot be forced into, only self-allowed

all able but some more susceptible (20% highly depending on reaction to greeting cards, commercials, gamers)

hypnotic induction

slower, monotone, descending influence

not altered state - brain waves unchanged (weightfullness cycle)

post-hypnotic suggestion

suggestion made during hypnosis session to be carried out after subject isn’t hypnotized → control undesired symptoms + behaviors

individuals will only complete tasks that they are willing to already do

aid in therapeutic issues - pain, obesity, stress

social influences

subjects behave as they think they should

dissociation

split in consciousness that allows thoughts + behaviors to occur simultaneously

divided consciousness = dual processing

freudian iceberg - conscious (1)

current access

freudian iceberg - preconscious (2)

outside awareness but accesible

freudian iceberg - unconscious/subconscious (3)

hidden ideas, thoughts, feelings

freudian iceberg - nonconscious (4)

autonomic bodily functions (heart, breathing, digestion)

medical states

glasgow coma scale (15 diff consciousness)

alert/aware

conscious of surroundings

verbal

slurring, walking, lethargic, motor control, incoherent

alcohol

pain responsive

movement only when prompted

laying on ground w/ no speech

unresponsive

no talk/move (loss of speech or tactile movement)

call ambulance

sleep

periodic natural loss of consciousness as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from coma, general anesthesia, hibernation

circadian rhythm

biological clock; regular that occur on a 24 hour cycle

changes by sleep, stress, hormones, temp

stage 1

myoclonic jerk, hypnagogic sensations, daydreaming sleep

stage 2

transistion spindles, K complex

stage 3

sleep walking, large amplitude, delta waves, deep sleep

REM sleep

rapid eye movement → recurring sleep stage during which vivid dream occur (paradoxical sleep)

calm body & walking brain

motor cortex on BUT blocked by brainstem

alpha waves

relatively slow brain waves of relaxed, awake state

NREM sleep

non-rapid eye movement sleep encompasses all sleep stages other than REM sleep

sleep deprivation

obesity, lowered immunity, reaction time

hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

hypnagogic sensation

bizarre experiences such as jerking or feeling of falling or floating weightlessly while transistioning to sleep

delta waves

large slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM-3

reason for sleep

protects, recuperates, helps memory, nurtures creativity, supports growth & performance

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

pair of cell clusters in hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm

insomnia

recurring probs in falling and/or staying asleep

3 weeks + of no sleep

narcolepsy

sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks and suffer direct lapses into REM sleep

brain trauma or hypocretin issue (orexin)

sleep apnea

sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep & repeated momentary awakenings

night terrors

sleep disorder characterizes by high arousal & an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, occur during NREM-3 sleep

vivid & frightening (scream/thrash) bc stress, fatigue, location

dream

sequence of images, emotions, & thoughts passing through a person’s mind when asleep

side effect of REM, cognitive development, onerology

manifest content

Freud determines symbolic remembered story line of dream, basic info/makes sense

latent content

Freud determined underlying meaning of a dream, assesement

REM rebound

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

homeostasis → want so get it back

psychoactive drugs

chemical substances that alters perception & mood

substance use disorder

characterized by continued substance craving with significant life disruption or physical risks

tolerance

diminishing effect w/ regular use of same dose of drug requiring user to take larger amount to experience same effect

increase dosage to attain effect

addiction

craving to used regardless of adverse consequences

withdrawal

discomfort & distress following disconnected addictive drug or behavior

depressants

drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates) reduce/calm neural activity & slow body functions

alcohol use disorder

alcoholism, alcohol used marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and ability to control use

barbiturates

drugs that depress CNS activity, reduce anxiety but impair memory & judgement

opiates

opium & derivatives (morphine & heroin) depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain & anxiety

stimulants

drugs (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, ecstasy) that excited neural activity & speed up body functions

nicotine

stimulating & highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

cocaine

powerful & addictive stimulant derived from coca plant that produces temporarily increased alertness & euphoria

amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity causing accelerated body functions & associated energy & mood swings

methamphetamines

powerfully addictive drug that stimulates CNS accelerating body functions & associated energy & mood swings, over time reduces baseline dopamine levels

ecstasy (MOMA)

synthetic stimulant & mild hallucinogen produces euphoria & social intimacy w/ short term + long term health risk to serotonin producing neurons and moos/cognition

hallucinogens

psychedelic (mind manifesting) drugs like LSD that distort perceptions & evolve sensory images in absence of sensory input

near-death experiences

altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush w/ death

LSD

powerful drug & acid → euphoria, detachment, panic

THC

major active ingredient in marijuana triggering variety of effects including mild hallucinations

activation synthesis

random bursts of neural stimulation