Final “trap” cards

A consequence is added and behavior increases. What is it?

Positive reinforcement.

A consequence is removed and behavior increases. What is it?

Negative reinforcement.

A consequence is added and behavior decreases. What is it?

Positive punishment.

A consequence is removed and behavior decreases. What is it?

Negative punishment.

“Negative reinforcement” means punishment. True or false?

FALSE.

Negative reinforcement increases behavior.

“Positive reinforcement” means giving something good. True or false?

Not necessarily.

“Positive” only means the stimulus is added/increased. Reinforcement means behavior increases.

What is the fastest way to identify the 4 basic consequence procedures?

Ask two questions:

1. Was something added or removed?

2. Did behavior increase or decrease?

Added + ↑ = Positive reinforcement
Removed + ↑ = Negative reinforcement
Added + ↓ = Positive punishment
Removed + ↓ = Negative punishment

What is the difference between an SD and a reinforcer?

SD = antecedent that signals reinforcement is available.
Reinforcer = consequence that increases future behavior.

What is the difference between an MO and a reinforcer?

MO = changes the effectiveness/value of the reinforcer.
Reinforcer = consequence that actually increases future behavior.

What is the difference between an SD and an MO?

SD: signals the availability of a consequence.
MO: changes how valuable/effective that consequence is.

What is the difference between mentalism and an environmental behavioral explanation?

Mentalism: “He does it because he is angry/lazy/unmotivated.”
Behavioral explanation: identifies observable environmental variables and functional relations.

What is the difference between rule-governed and contingency-shaped behavior?

Rule-governed: behavior is controlled by a verbal description of a contingency.
Contingency-shaped: behavior is learned through direct contact with consequences.