Ch. 17 Electric Potential

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26 Terms

1

Potential energy can only be defined for what type of force?

only for a conservative force

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2

How are potential and kinetic energy connect in terms of change?

when there is a change in potential energy there is a negative change in kinetic energy

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3

As a (+) particle moves to the right, what happens to the kinetic, potential, and work

Kinetic energy = increases

Potential Energy = decreases

work = done on particle by electric field (so increases)

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4

Would a charge of 2q have more electric potential energy than a charge of q?

Yes, but same potential energy

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5

Can work be related to force and charge?

Yes, W = Fd = qEd

  • if E is uniform

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6

What is breakdown voltage?

the electric field will become strong enough to initiate a current

  • ex: lightning or spark

  • “if E is too big, you will get a spark”

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7

What are equipotential lines?

  • lines indicating constant elevation/electric potential

  • lines are closed

  • Conductor = entire V and Surface are at same potential

  • Lines are perpendicular to electric field

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8

How do equipotential lines look like in between 2 parallel plates?

  • straight lines (from + to -)

<ul><li><p>straight lines (from + to -) </p></li></ul><p></p>
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9

How do equipotential lines look like in between 2 point charges?

  • the lines of equal potential are curves

  • still perpendicular to E

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10

true or false: 1V would have 1 eV

true (must always be converted to Joules)

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11

If two points are at the same electric potential, does it mean no work is done in moving a test charge from point A to point B? How does this relate to force?

No work is done!

  • if you are moving at the same PE, then the formula is equal

  • no PE means no KE

  • Forces are equal and opposite to be 0

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12

What is an electric dipole?

Two charges equal in magnitude but opposite in sign which are close together

  • total charge is zero but still some effect

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13

What are electric dipole moments?

electric dipole moments are associated with molecules and SMALL

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14

What is capacitance?

  • store charge (energy) on conducting plates (between 2 plates)

  • “condensor”

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15

In regards to capacitance, how is V viewed as?

V = potential difference (drop the change)

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16

What is a charge on a capacitor related to?

  • related to capacitance and voltage

    • does NOT depend on Q/V

    • DOES depend on physical characteristics

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17

If capacitance is large, where does the potential lie?

it is low

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18

What are dielectrics?

  • material (insulator) between plates of a capacitor increasing the capacitance

    • helps separate plates (get close but not too close)

    • breakdown less easily

      • more charge can be stored

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19

True or False: energy stored is equal to the work done to charge the capacitor

true

  • work done to move charge from plate to plate

  • use average voltage

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20

Where is energy stored?

  • stored in electric field

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21

T/F: Analog signal voltages are constant

False:

  • analog signal voltages vary continuously

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22

True or False: digital signals use binary #’s to represent numerical values (jump between values)

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23

How is an analog signal converted to a digital signal?

  • must be sampled

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24

What is one advantage of digital signals

they are less prone to interference (noise)

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25

What is a cathode ray tube used for? in regard to television?

  • to emit electrons

  • they brighten the screen for a brief period when directed to a screen

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26

How is electric charge used to measure the heart?

  • electrocardiogram detects heart defects by measuring changes in potential on the surface of the heart

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