Health Care System - I

Chapter I: Dimensions of Health

Health

• the state of physical mental and social wellbeing

• is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Physical Health

Dimensions of Health

• Physical Health

• Mental Health

• Emotional Health

• Social/Environmental Health

• Spiritual Health

Holistic Health

• is an approach that identifies components of health that function interdependently to influence an individuals health

Wellness

• is well-being, it involves engaging in attitude and behavior that enhance quality of life and maximize personal potential

• wellbeing is a subjective perceptive of balance, harmony and vitality

• a choice as the “constant, conscious pursuit of living life to its fullest potential”

Disease

• multiple medications

• poor quality of life

• potential limited

• function limited

• despair

• death

Poor Health

• Symptoms worsen

• symptoms become complex

• multiple diagnoses

• multi-drug therapy

• surgery frequent

Dysfunction

• symptoms develop

• diagnosis difficult and often incorrect

• drug therapy attempted

• possible surgery

Neutral

• No symptoms of diagnosable disease

Health Awareness

• Education

• Exercise

• Nutrition

• Stress management

Good Health

• Regular exercise

• good nutrition

• wellness education

• Homeopathic therapy

• mental-emotional awareness

• lifestyle

Optimal Health

• 100% Function

• Continuous development

• active participation

• wellness lifestyle

• spiritual growth

Illness

• is a personal state in which the person feels unhealthy

Hereditary Factors

• family history for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer

Behavioral Factors

• cigarettes smoking, alcohol abuse, high animal fat intake

Environmental Factors

• overcrowding, poor sanitation, poor supply of potable water

Symptom Experience

• a person believes something is wrong

  • a sensation of physical limitation in functioning

Assumption of Sick Role

• acceptance of the Illness

• seeks advice and support for decision to give up some activities

Medical Care

• seeks advice of health professionals for the following reasons

  • validation of real illness

  • explanation of symptoms

  • reassurance or prediction of outcome

Dependent Patient Role

• the person becomes a patient dependent on the health professional for help

Recovery/Rehabilitation

• involve in an adjustment to prolong reduction in health and functioning

• gives up the sick role and returns to former roles and functions

Disease

• an alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span

Biological agents

Examples:

• microorganisms

Inherited Genetic Diseases

Example:

• achondroplasia

Developmental Defects

Examples:

• imperforate anus

• cleft palate

Physical Agents

Examples:

• hot and cold substances

• radiation

• ultraviolet rays

Chemical Agents

Examples:

• lead

• emissions from smoke-belching cars

Tissue Response to Irritation

Examples:

• fever

• inflammation

Metabolic Process

Examples:

• inadequate iodine causing goiter

• inadequate insulin in diabetes mellitus

Emotional/Physical Reaction to Stress

Examples:

• anxiety

• fear

Genetic and Physiological Factors, Age, Environmental, Lifestyle

5 Risk Factors of a Disease

Hereditary

• due to the defect in the genes of one or other parent which transmitted to the offspring

  • examples:

    • diabetes mellitus

    • hypertension

Congenital

• Due to a defect in the development, hereditary factors or prenatal infection present at birth

  • Examples:

    • Cleft Lip

    • Cleft Palate

Metabolic

• due to disturbance or abnormality in the intricate processes of metabolism

  • Examples:

    • Diabetes mellitus

    • Hyperthyroidism

Deficiency

• results from inadequate intake or absorption of essential dietary factors

  • Examples:

    • Osteomalacia

Traumatic

• due to injury

  • Examples:

    • Fractures

Allergic

• due to abnormal response of the body to chemical or protein substances or to physical stimuli

  • examples:

    • asthma

    • skin allergy

Neoplastic

• due to abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cancer cells

Idiopathic

• cause in unknown; self originated; of spontaneous origin

  • Example:

    • Cancer

Degenerative

• results from the degenerative changes that occur tissue and organs

  • Examples:

    • Osteoporosis

    • Osteoarthritis

Iatrogenic

• results from the treatment of a disease

  • Example:

    • hyperthyroidism after thyroid surgery

    • alopecia after chemotherapy

Acute Illness

• usually has a short duration and is severe

  • Example:

    • Appendicitis

Chronic Illness

• usually longer than 6 months and can also affect functioning in any dimension

  • Example:

    • hypertension

Remission

• period during which the disease is controlled and symptoms are not obvious

Exacerbation

• the disease becomes more active again at a future time, with recurrence of pronounced symptom

Sub-Acute

• symptoms are pronounced but more prolonged than in acute disease

  • Example:

    • Sub-Acute bacterial endocarditis

Organic

• any health condition in which there is an observable and measurable disease process

  • Example:

    • Inflammation or Tissue Damage

Functional

• no anatomical changes are observed to account for the symptoms present, may result from responses to stimuli

Occupational

• results from factors associated with the occupation engaged by the patient

  • Examples:

    • Cancer among chemical factory workers

Familial

• occurs in several individuals of the same family

  • Examples:

    • Hypertensive

    • Cancer

Venereal

• usually acquired through sexual relation

  • Examples:

    • AIDS

    • Gonorrhea

Epidemic

• attacks a large number of individuals in a community at the same time

  • Examples:

    • SARS

Endemic

• present more or less continuously or recurs in a community

  • Examples:

    • Malaria in Palawan

    • Goiter in Mountain Province

Pandemic

• an epidemic disease which is extremely widespread involving an entire country or continent

  • Examples:

    • NCoV

Sporadic

• a disease in which only occasional cases occur

  • Example:

    • Dengue during rainy season

    • leptospirosis during floods

Financial

• feeling satisfied with current and future financial situations

Social

• developing a sense of connection, belonging and support with others

Spiritual

• discovering a sense of purpose and meaning in life

Occupational

• finding personal satisfaction and enrichment in one’s work

Physical

• Acknowledging the importance of physical activity, nutrition and sleep

Intellectual

• recognizing creative abilities and finding ways to expand knowledge and skills

Environmental

• Maintaining good health by occupying pleasant stimulating environments that support wellbeing

Emotional

• coping effectively with life and creating satisfying relationships