Fetal brain development and brain regions

three primary brain vesicles

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

what does prosencephalon become?

telencephalon and diencephalon

what does rhombencephalon become?

metencephalon and myelencephalon

what are the five divisions of the adult brain?

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

what are the five cerebral lobes?

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

frontal lobe

voluntary movement, personality, decision making, verbal communication, contains primary motor cortex, Broca’s area

Parietal lobe

primary somatosensory cortex, Wernicke’s area partially

Occipital lobe

primary visual cortex, processes visual stimuli

Temporal lobe

primary auditory cortex, processes olfactory stimuli, primary olfactory cortex

Insula

primary gustatory process, plays roles in emotion, empathy, and self-awareness

Caudate nucleus

walking coordination

globus pallidus and putamen

speed and accuracy of directed movements

amygdaloid body

consolidation and processing of emotional memories and emotional processing

claustrum

consciousness and processing of multiple sensory stimuli

epithalamus

partial roof of third ventricle, contains pineal gland that secretes melatonin, habenular nuclei relay signals that are involved in visceral and emotional responses to odor

thalamus

forms walls of 3rd ventricle, inthalamic adhesion= intermediate mass, relay and processing center of all sensory info except smell to cerebrum, main relay point on way to somatosensory cortex

hypothalamus

regulate autonomic nervous system and endocrine system through hormone release, body temp, hunger/thirst, sex drive, emotion, sleep/wake cycle, connects to and controls pituitary gland via infundibulum

GH and TSH

stored in anterior pituitary

ADH, FSH, and LH

stored in posterior pituitary

FSH and LH

NOT made in hypothalamus

ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus

relays somatosensory information

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

relays visual input from retina to visual cortex

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

relays auditory input to auditory cortex

ventral anterior and lateral nuclei of thalamus

relays motor signals from basal nuclei and cerebellum to motor cortex