APES 7.3 & 7

Why do urban areas have higher surface and air temperatures than surrounding areas?

Lower albedo from absorption of sunlight by concrete and asphalt and less evapotranspiration.

What happens during a thermal inversion?

A cooler air mass becomes trapped near the earth's surface due to a warm front or hot surfaces cooling overnight.

What happens to air pollutants in the absence of thermal inversion?

Warm air rises, allowing air convection to carry pollutants away from the surface.

Where do air pollutants go during a thermal inversion?

They remain trapped close to the earth's surface as convection does not carry them up.

What are some effects of thermal inversion?

Air pollutants are trapped, leading to respiratory issues, decreased tourism revenue, and impaired photosynthesis.

What are natural sources of air pollutants?

Lightning strikes, forest fires, plant emissions, and volcanic activity.

What are natural sources of CO2?

Respiration from living things and aerobic decomposition.

What are natural sources of particulate matter (PM)?

Sea salt, pollen, ash from fires and volcanoes, and windborne dust.

What is the natural source of CH4?

Anaerobic decomposition.

What is aerobic decomposition?

Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria in the presence of oxygen.

What is anaerobic decomposition?

Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria in low or oxygen-free conditions.

What is particulate matter?

Solid or liquid particles suspended in air.

What defines PM10?

Particles or droplets less than 10 micrometers, like dust and pollen.

What defines PM2.5?

Particles less than 2.5 micrometers, often from combustion and linked to respiratory issues.

What can PM10 particles cause?

Irritation of the respiratory tract and inflammation.

What health risks are associated with PM2.5?

Increased risk of chronic bronchitis and lung cancer.