Unit 5: The Civil War & Reconstruction

Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)

a series of seven debates between senator Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers’ Ferry (1859)

effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry

Presidential Election of 1860

the first republican victory in which Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election

Succession 1860

the series of events that led to the withdrawal of 11 states from the US

Confederate States of America

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Missouri, Kentucky

Domestic Problems in the Confederate States

Food shortages, drought, escaped slaves, federal troops, inflation

Foreign Policy

Lincolns policy that blockaded the south and restricted trade and transportation

Financial issues

Draft

Enabled by Lincoln to ensure that the federal army had enough men to fight the war. To escape the draft, men had to pay $300

Ft. Sumter

The first engagement of the american civil war that occurred april 12-14 1861. Confederate army bombed the fort for 3 days after Lincoln attempted to resupply the soldiers there

Bull Run

The first battle of the civil war fought on july 21, 1861. Bloody battle won by the confederate army.

Antietam

Occured on September 17, 1862 and was a decisive engagement that halted the confederate invasion of maryland. The bloodiest single day battle in history.

Shiloh

Major turning point in the civil war which gave the union a victory and a foothold in tennessee and missippi territory. Occured april 6-7 1862

Chancellorsville

Occured april 30-may 6 1863. Biggest confederate victory but Stonewall Jackson dies

Vicksburg

Sieges May 18-July 4 1863 and occured the same time as Gettysburg. The union now controls the mississippi river and cuts the confederacy in half

Gettysburg

Massive fight that occurs from July 1-3 1863. The confederate army tries to get into the north and wants it so badly that an event known as Picketts charge occurs in which soldiers are sent in a charge towards the union army.

March of the Sea

american civil war campaign lasting from November 15-December 21 1864. Sherman led troops through the confederate state of Georgia and pillaged and burned the countryside. He destroyed military outposts and civilian properties.

Ft. Wagner

First action for the 54 Massachusetts Regiment that occurs in south Carolina on July 18, 1863. Large amount of the army is killed but it shows the country that African american’s are willing to fight and want a union victory

Appamatox

Last major battle of the civil war in early april 1865. Union and Confederate army leaders meet at this courthouse to surrender and end the war

Abraham Lincoln

Union leader and US President during the Civil War that is well known for the Gettysburg Adress and the Emacipation Proclomation

Jefferson Davis

Elected political figure in the south for the confederate states

Ulysses S. Grant

served in the mexican-american war and re-enlists in the army for the union. Large military figure during the war.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate military figure

Minie Ball

A lead bullet that could be loaded and fired quickly and was lethally accurate

Telegraph

revolutionized military communication in the US. Communication device that used morris code

Iron Clads

Union warships that provided tremendous fire upon confederate forts

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863 that declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states, “are, and henceforward shall be free.” Does not entirley remove slavery

Presidential Election of 1864

Republicans, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, and Democrats fight for presidency. Lincoln again wins the election

Clara Barton

Nurse and teacher who founded the american red cross

The Border States

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia. States that bordered the south and north and stayed in the union

Financial Union issues

Inflation

Draft Union Issues

Rich could pay $300 to get a poor man to replace him which caused protests because the poor could not get out of the draft

‘Copperheads’ Union Issues

peaceful radical; organized rallies and gave speeches

Martial Law Union Issues

Union suspended habeas corpus and civil rights throughout the entire US

Lincolns 10% Plan

When 10% of a former confederates states voters pledged allegiance to the union, they would be allowed to start readmission into the country

Johnson’s Plan

Included respiration property except for blacks, wanted rich southerners to partition to him for pardon individually, southern states had to ratify the 13th amendment, grants pardon to southern presidents

Military Reconstruction

Union military is sent into the southern states which is split into 5 districts to ensure that southern blacks are being guaranteed their rights

Freedmen’s Bureau

wanted to provide food, housing, medical aid, and schooling for free to blacks in the southern states but it was vetoed by Johnson

Civil Rights Bill (1866)

Claimed that all people born in the US are entitled to full and equal benefits of the law

Impeachment of Johnson

Senate tries to impeach because Johnson fires the secretary of state over a law but is found not guilty and serves the rest of his term

Scalawags & Carpetbaggers

white southerners who starts to work with the republicans or becomes republican and northerners who move to the south after the civil war to help run schools and open buisnesses

The ‘Redeemers’

southerners who wanted to redeem the south to how it was before the war

Sharecropping

New slavery in the south that forced african americans to work in the fields in return for a small amount of the profits from the crops

Black Codes

Imposed laws on blacks: can only work in fields, unemployed blacks can be captured and imposed to work, children can be taken and forced to work, had to sign labor laws

Black Congressmen

Largley Republican supporters in the congress

Ku Klux Klan

Started by 6 redeemers/ confederate soldiers in Tennessee that turns into a group of men that are against blacks

Election of 1868

Ulysses S Grant is elected as President because he was a large figure in the Union army

Civil Rights Act (1875)

Guaranteed all citizens, regardless of color, access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries

Election of 1876

Hase v Tillden in which Hase wins because of the Compromise of 1877

Compromise of 1877

election is given to Hase in agreement for the military to leave the southern states, ending reconstruction

Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, & 15th)

13th: ends slavery

14th: protects the rights of african americans

15th: allows male african americans the right to vote