Stage theories !!!!

Age range: sensorimotor

birth - 2 years

Age range: preoperational

2 - 7 years

Age range: concrete operational

7 - 11 years

Age rangeL Formal operational

adulthood

Sensorimotor

experience world through senses, actions

Preoperational

Mental representations with words and images; intuitive, rather than logical, reasoning

Concrete operational

Thinking logically about concrete events; understand concrete analogies & mathematical operations

Formal operational

Abstract reasoning

Developmental phenomena: Sensorimotor

* object permanence
* stranger anxiety

Developmental phenomena: preoperational

* pretend play
* egocentrism
* language development

Developmental phenomena: concrete operational

* conservation
* mathematical transformations

Developmental phenomena: formal operational

* abstract logic
* potential for mature moral reasoning

Creator of the Stages of Cognitive Development

Jean Piaget

Creator of the Stages of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg

Stages of Cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Stages of Moral Development

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Age range: preconventional

birth - 9 years

age range: conventional

9 years - early adolescence

age range: postconventional

early adolescence - adulthood (for some people only)

preconventional

morality based on self-interest; avoid punishment or gain rewards

conventional

obey laws and rules purely because they are the laws and rules

postconventional

morality based on personal, abstract values of right and wrong

Stages of Psychosocial development

Infancy, toddlerhood, preschooler, elementary school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

Creator of Stages of Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial development- infancy

* trust vs mistrust
* if needs are dependably met, they develop a basic sense of trust

Psychosocial development- toddlerhood

* autonomy vs shame/doubt
* learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities

Psychosocial development- preschooler

* initiative vs guilt
* learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

Psychosocial development- elementary school

* competence vs inferiority
* learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Psychosocial development- adolescence

* identity vs role confusion
* work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Psychosocial development- young adulthood

* intimacy vs isolation
* struggle to form close relationships to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

Psychosocial development- middle adulthood

* generativity vs stagnation
* discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Psychosocial development- late adulthood

* integrity vs despair
* when reflecting on their life, thy may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

Stages of psychosexual development

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Creator of the stages of psychosexual development

sigmund freud

Age range- oral

birth - 18 months

Age range- anal

18 - 36 months

Age range- phallic

3 - 6 years

Age range- latency

6 - puberty

Age range- genital

puberty - on

oral

pleasure centers on the mouth (sucking, biting, chewing)

Anal

pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

Phallic

Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

Latency

dormant sexual feelings

genital

maturation of sexual interests