NSCI 2101 Exam 1

Missing the spin cord lecture

Meninges

Membranes that protect the nervous system

Dura Mater

Outermost meninx

Arachnoid Mater

Middle meninx

Pia Mater

Innermost meninx

Falx Cerebri

Dura mater in the interhemispheric fissure

Tentorium Cerebelli

Dura mater in between the cerebellum and cerebrum

Cerebral Ventricles

Passages for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain

Lateral Ventricles

Cerebral ventricle found in the telencephalon

3rd Ventricle

Cerebral ventricle found in the diencephalon

Cerebral Aqueduct

Cerebral ventricle found in the midbrain

4th Ventricle

Cerebral ventricle found in the brainstem

Chordus Plexus

Structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid

Arachnoid Granulations

Structure that drains in the subarachnoid space that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid

Subarachnoid Space

Area between the arachnoid and pia mater

Foramen of Luschka

Vessel that provides drainage for the 4th ventricle

Cerebral Peduncles

Structure that connects the cerebrum to the brainstem

Arteries

Large blood vessels that move blood away from the heart

Arterioles

Small blood vessels that move blood away from the heart

Capillaries

Small blood vessels that move blood between arterioles and venules

Venules

Small blood vessels that move blood back to the heart

Veins

Large blood vessels that move blood back to the heart

Circle Of Willis

Loop of arteries below to optic chiasm

Internal Carotid Artery

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the anterior brain

Vertebral Artery

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the posterior brain

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the posterior-inferior cerebral cortex

Middle Cerebral Artery

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the lateral side of cerebral cortex

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Blood vessel that supplies blood to the midline of cerebral cortex

Posterior Communicating Artery

Blood vessel that connects the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery

Anterior Communicating Artery

Blood vessel that connects the anterior cerebral arteries

Basilar Artery

Blood vessel that connects the vertebral artery to the circle of Willis

Dural Venous Sinuses

Drainage location for cranial veins

Jugular Foramen

Hole in the bottom of the skull where the internal jugular vein originates

Internal Jugular Vein

Blood vessel that moves blood from the brain to the heart

Blood-Brain Barrier

Cells lining brain capillaries and regulating water-soluble substances

Pore passages

Openings present in most capillaries

Tight Junction

Firm connections present in brain capillaries

Astrocyte Processes

Cells surrounding brain capillaries

Circumventricular Organs

Sealed off areas of the brain without a brain-blood barrier

Cell Soma

The body of a neuron

Axon

The part of a neuron that carries an action potential and is protected by the myelin sheath

Synapse

The gap between an axon terminal and a receptor of another neuron

Dendrites

Neural receptors which stem from the cell soma

Glia

Neural cells without axons that form the myelin sheath

Peripheral Nervous System

The part of the nervous system that does not include the spinal cord or brain

Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the peripheral nervous system that consists of the sympathetic

Central Nervous System

The part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord

Nuclei

Groups of neurons in the central nervous system

Glanglia

Groups of neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Tracts

Bundles of axons in the central nervous system

Nerves

Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Dorsal

Upper side of the neuraxis

Ventral

Lower side of the neuraxis

Rostral

Forward side of the neuraxis

Caudal

Backward side of the neuraxis

Coronal

Coronal cross-section produced by a cut perpendicular to the horizontal neuraxis

Horizontal

Coronal cross-section produced by a horizontal cut across the neuraxis

Sagittal

Coronal cross-section produced by a vertical cut across the neuraxis

Medulla

Division of the brain at the base of the brainstem

Pons

Division of the brain bulging out of the middle of the brainstem

Cerebellum

Division of the brain behind the brainstem

Midbrain

Division of the brain at the top of the brainstem

Diencephalon

Division of the brain directly above the brainstem which contains the thalamus

Thalamus

Division of the brain that acts as a gateway to the cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Division of the brain located below the thalamus

Pineal Body

Division of the brain that helps control circadian rhythm

Telencephalon

Division of the brain located above the diencephalon that contains the corpus callosum

Corpus Callosum

Division of the brain that connects the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Cerebral Cortex

Division of the brain located above the corpus callosum

Frontal Lobe

Rostral-most lobe of the cerebral cortex

Parietal Lobe

Upper-middle lobe of the cerebral cortex

Temporal Lobes

Bottom-middle lobes of the cerebral cortex

Occipital Lobe

Caudal-most lobe of the cerebral cortex

Gyri

Bumps in the cerebral cortex

Sulculi

Grooves in the cerebral cortex

Central Sulcus

Sulcus separating the frontal and parietal lobes

Lateral Sulcus

Sulcus separating the temporal and central/parietal lobes

Embryonic Disc

Cell structure in the embryo that invades the uterus after 6 days

Primitive Streak

Indent in the embryonic disc that allows for cell migration

Ectoderm

Embryonic germ layer that forms the skin and nervous system

Mesoderm

Embryonic germ layer that forms the bones

Endoderm

Embryonic germ layer that forms the glandular organs and digestive system

Neural Plate

First phase of neurulation

Neural Groove

Second phase of neurulation

Neural Tube

Embryonic structure that becomes the spinal cord

Alar Plate

Part of the developing spinal cord that receives sensory neurons

Basal Plate

Part of the developing spinal cord that sends motor neurons

Neural Crest

Source of the peripheral nervous system in the developing spinal cord

Neurogenic Placodes

Sources of the peripheral nervous system in the developing head

Olfactory Placode

Neurogenic placode that forms olfactory sensory neurons

Lens Placode

Neurogenic placode that forms the lens of the eye

Gap Phase

Pauses in the cell cycle

DNA Synthesis

Replication of DNA in the cell cycle

Cell Mitosis

Division of cells in the cell cycle

Neuron Differentiation

Exiting of neurons in the cell cycle

Cell Migration

Cells moving to their location

Neuronal Vesicles

Swelling in the neural tube that forms the regions of the brain

Prosencephalon

Primary neuronal vesicle that develops into the diencephalon and telencephalon

Mesencephalon

Primary neuronal vesicle that develops into the midbrain

Rhombencephalon

Primary neuronal vesicle that develops into the brainstem and medulla

Telencephalon (Developing)

Secondary neuronal vesicle that develops from the rostral end of the prosencephalon