6.2 - ATP (energy production / resynthesis)

What is ATP and where is it stored

• High-energy molecule

• Stored in muscle cells and other body parts

• Energy currency for biological work

What is ATP made up of

• Adenosine

• Three inorganic phosphate groups

• High-energy chemical bonds

How long does stored ATP last during physical activity

• 1–2 seconds

What happens after the initial ATP stores are used

• ATP must be resynthesised using chemical and food fuels

How much ATP is stored in the average human body

• 50–100 grams

How much ATP is used by the body in 24 hours

• 50–75 kilograms

Where is the energy in ATP stored

• In the bonds between the three phosphate groups

• Especially in the bond between the outer phosphate

When is the energy released

• when the bonds are broken

• usually occurring in the bond between the outer phosphate

What are the by-products when ATP is broken down for energy

• ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

• Pi (Inorganic Phosphate)

What is ATP resynthesis (phosphorylation)

• Adding a phosphate to ADP to form ATP

• ADP + Pi + Energy ↔ ATP

What is aerobic metabolism

• ATP resynthesis with oxygen

What is anaerobic metabolism

• ATP resynthesis without oxygen

What is required for ATP resynthesis

what for

• Energy

• to connect the phosphate group back to ADP to create ATP

  (ADP + Pi + Energy ↔ ATP)

What energy fuels or substrates help resynthesise ATP (present within the muscle)

• Phosphocreatine

• Carbohydrates

• Fats

• Proteins

How long can these fuels support ATP resynthesis during physical activity

• As long as sufficient fuel/substrate stores are available