lec 10: What determines where species live

Biotic Factors

Living factors: predators, competitors, pathogens, host plants, etc.

Abiotic Factors

Nonliving factors: dispersal (concept), temperature (abiotic environment), water, history

Organism

One individual

“survival”, “behavior”, “physiology”

Population

one species in ONE AREA

“abundance, births, deaths, range edge”

Community

Multiple species together

“predation, competition, mutualism”

Ecosystem

community + physical environment

“energy flow, nutrients, water, climate”

which scale has abiotic factors?

only environment (and biosphere)

Biome

Group of ecosystems all over the world with similar environmental conditions

Biosphere

Earth

Terrestrial

Living/growing on land

What changes with elevation?

Air temperature, snow cover, soil temp, oxygen, predator pressure

Can environmental gradients change organism experience?

Yes

Fundamental niche

using tolerance data

conditions where a species could persist without any limits

Realized Niche

Using field occurence data

where it actually persists after interactions, dispersal, and history