[ADV] GenChem 1

Matter

is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Atom

smallest unit of matter (can’t be broken down chemically)

Molecule

two or more chemically bonded atoms

Ions

gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons

States of Matter

Solid Liquid, and Gas

Plasma

a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

Plasma

the “fourth state of matter”

Bose-Eistein Condensate

separates atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero.

Bose-Eistein Condensate

This is when atoms are hardly moving to each other with no energy left. Then, they begin to clump together to enter the same energy state

According to change involved during measurements of property

Physical and Chemical Properties

According to the dependence on amount of matter

Extensive and Intensive Properties

Physical properties

can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition.

Chemical properties

the ability of a substance to to react with other substance

Intensive properties

do not depend on the amount of substance present.

Extensive properties

depend on the amount of substance present.

Color

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the appearance or shade of a substance

Odor

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the smell

Melting point

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the temperature where solid turn into liquid

Boiling point

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the temperature at which liquid turn into gas

Density

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the mass per unit volume

Solubility

a type of intensive physical property that refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance

Luster

a type of intensive physical property that refers to how shiny or dull a substance is

Malleability

a type of intensive physical property that refers ability to be shaped or bent without breaking

Conductivity

a type of intensive physical property that refers ability to conduct heat or electricity

Mass

the amount of matter

Volume

the space an object occupies

Length

refers to how long something is

Sustainability

undergoes combustion or not

Stability

if it is easily decomposed or not

Reactivity

reacts with acid bases and oxygen gas or not

Relative Activity

the material is more or less active than other members of its atom family

Ionization

breaks into charged particles when in solution with water or not

Toxicity

can damage an organism or not

Pure substance

it has a fixed composition and definite chemical and physical properties

Element

are elements made out of only one kind of stom.

Compound

are elements made our of two or more elements

Mixtures

are made by physically combining two or more substances and has no chemical reaction.

Homogeneous Mixtures

a type of mixture that has a uniform composition that an individual can’t see.

Heterogeneous Mixtures

a type of mixture that has a composition that is not uniform which an individual can see or separate its parts.

Filtration

a process of separating components using a filter

Decantation

pours off liquid from solid

Evaporation

the process of converting liquid to gas

Distillation

separates two substance composed of homogeneous mixture with different boiling point

Magnetic separation

separates elemental metals that has a different melting point

Sublimation

a process where the solid is being changed to gas without passing through a liquid state

Centrifugation

uses a tube called "‘centrifuge apparatus’

Chromotography

another method of separating complex mixture