Stress and Coping

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and theories related to stress and coping as outlined in the lecture notes.

Stress

The mental, emotional, or physical response and adaptation to real or perceived changes and challenges.

Fight or Flight Response

A physiological reaction initiated by the hypothalamus, leading to the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF)

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that activates the sympathetic nervous system during stress.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates cortisol production from the adrenal glands.

Cortisol

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that enhances mental alertness, focus, and reduces pain receptors.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A three-stage response to stress that includes alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Eustress

Positive stress that can motivate and enhance performance.

Distress

Negative stress that can harm one's well-being and health.

Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping

A theory describing stress as a dynamic interaction between a person and their environment, involving appraisal stages.

Primary Appraisal

The initial evaluation of a situation to determine if it is a threat.

Secondary Appraisal

The assessment of coping resources and options after a primary appraisal.

Acute Stress

Brief stress that causes immediate reactions and may be either positive or negative.

Chronic Stress

A prolonged and heightened state of stress that can lead to significant health issues.

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

A severe reaction to a traumatic event lasting less than a month.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A disorder diagnosed when symptoms of ASD last longer than a month.

Crisis

A threatening situation that triggers intense behavioral, emotional, or psychiatric responses.

Defense Mechanisms

Mental operations that protect self-esteem and manage anxiety outside of conscious awareness.

Denial

Refusal to acknowledge reality to avoid emotional impact.

Rationalization

Justifying undesirable behaviors to avoid emotional discomfort.

Projection

Attributing negative feelings or thoughts to someone else.

Repression

Concealing unpleasant thoughts or memories to avoid confronting them.

Regression

Returning to an earlier developmental stage in response to stress.

Coping Strategies

Methods an individual uses to deal with stressors, influenced by psychological, sociological, and cultural factors.

Healthy Coping Strategies

Techniques such as nutritious eating, regular exercise, and self-care to manage stress.