Informatics SCOPE Objectives

list the different domains of pharmacy informatics

• pharmacy practice

• medication safety

• medication therapy outcomes

• informatics and health information tech

list the applications of responsibilities of pharmacy informatics

• data, information and knowledge management

• information and knowledge delivery

• practice analytics

• applied clinical informatics

• leadership and management of change

state the correct order of medication use process

procurement → prescribing → order verification → compounding/dispensing → administration → monitoring

how is informatics used in procurement step

ensures adequate supply, availability, safety and quality of inventoried drug products

ex: PIMS, bar/QR coding of medicine products, RFID tagging (track from manufacturer to final destination)

how is informatics used in prescribing step

selection of meds based on patient assessment; sending med order to pharmacy

ex: CPOE (computerized provider order entry), E-prescribing, CDSS/MDSS (clinical decision support system), drug info resources

how is informatics used in order verification step

entering med orders into pharmacy computer; process of accessing appropriateness of prescription and addressing any discrepancies

ex: CDSS, specifically MDSS (monitored dosage system), integrated tools like DDI screening, etc

how is informatics used in compounding/dispensing step

prep and distribution of medication from the pharmacy to the patient or provider

ex: barcode verification, ADC (automatic dispensing cabinet), robotics, automatic parenteral compounding devices, PIMS

how is informatics used in administration step

process of reviewing the appropriateness of the medication which is then given to or taken by the patient (i.e. 6 rights)

ex: barcode med admin, eMAR, smart pumps, smart pill dispenser

how is informatics used in monitoring step

the process of assessing a patient’s response to the medication and documenting the outcomes

ex: clinical surveillance systems built upon rules (IV →PO), and PDMPs

what 4 aspects of health information is targeted by HIPAA

• transaction and code sets → billing for health care

• national provider identification → NPI numbers

• security

• privacy

privacy rule as described by HIPAA

covered entities and business associates must implement policies and procedures to:

• prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of PHI

• provide notice to patients on: how their PHI is used, their rights under HIPAA, and how they can exercise their rights

covered entities include

• health plans

• healthcare clearinghouses

• healthcare providers that conduct financial or admin transactions electronically

business associates are

people or businesses that covered entities rely on to carry out their activities

PHI includes

something that identifies a patient and something related to healthcare

when can covered entities disclose PHI

for treatment, payment or operations

Treatment = providing, coordinating, or managing services

Payment = adjudicating claims, PA processing, billing and collection activities

Operations = internal compliance audits, fraud/waste/abuse audits, dispensing error investigations