(NOT MINE) TTU ANSC 1401 Exam II

Texas Tech University, Dr. Jackson

Genus

Bos

Species

Taurus or indicus

Beef Cattle Industry

Largest single money-generating commodity in all of U.S. agriculture - $68 billion

Beef accounts for ____ of animal agriculture's share of total farm cash receipts

39%

The U.S. has about ___ of the world's cattle, but we produce nearly ___ of the world's beef and veal.

6%, 18%

Purposes of U.S. Beef Cattle

Make use of natural resources indigestible by humans (grass & other forages)
Make use agricultural wastes & by-products
Rugged & adaptable to topography & climate

Structure of the U.S. Beef Industry 4 major sectors

seed stock producers, commercial cow-calf producers, yearling or stocker operators, feedlot finishing operations

Unlike poultry & pork industries, the beef industry is

highly fractured

The primary goal of seed stock production segment is to produce

breeding stock

Commercial Cow Calf Production goals are to produce the

heaviest calves possible with the least cost.

Yearling or Stocker Operators goals are

growing calves to heavier weights on low-priced forage before the calves enter the feedlot

Feedlot Operations

"Finishing phase"; 600- to 850-lb cattle are finished to market weight and condition in confinement

Cow-calf production is found in

every state

Location generally depends on the

availability of low-cost forage

Top 5 States of Beef Cow Inventory

Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Nebraska, South Dakota

3 general categories dominate Beef Industry

British breeds (Bos taurus)
Continental breeds "exotic" (Bos taurus)
"American" (Bos indicus)

British Breeds

Angus, Red Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn
MATERNAL

Angus

Largest breed registry in the U.S.
Imported from Scotland

Red Angus

Developed in the United States

Horned Hereford

Imported from England
2nd largest registry in the U.S.

Shorthorn

Imported from England

Charolais

Imported from France
4th largest U.S. registry

Chianina

Imported from Italy

Gelbvieh

Imported from Germany
Developed as a dual purpose breed, leaned towards beef production

Limousin

Imported from France
3rd largest U.S. registry

Maine Anjou

Imported from France
Largest continental breed in terms of weight

Simmental

Imported from Switzerland
5th largest registry in U.S.
Dual purpose: heaviest milking
produce muscular carcasses

Brahman

Imported from India

Brangus

5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman

Simbrah

5/8 Simmental, 3/8 Brahman

Santa Gertrudis

5/8 Shorthorn, 3/8 Brahman

Beefmaster

About 50% Brahman, 25% Shorthorn, 25% Hereford

Black Baldy

Hereford x Angus

Super Baldy

Hereford x Brangus

Tiger-stripe

Hybrid vigor (crossing species)

The United States produces approximately ___ of the world's cow's milk

14%

Dairy cattle also produce

beef

Most ___ comes from dairy calves fed all-milk diets and slaughtered when weighing a few hundred pounds

veal

The dairy cow's conversion of feed to food is the most efficient of all the ______ _______

domestic animals

____ of U.S. protein consumed

22%

___ of U.S. calcium consumed

76%

Why has milk production increased?

Improved genetics, management, and use of technological innovations

National Milk Production

California, Wisconsin, Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania

Ayrshire

Dairy Cow from Scotland

Brown Swiss

Switzerland

Holstein - Friesian

Netherlands
Average lactation - 24,958 lbs of milk

Jersey

highest percentage of butter fat production (4.7%)

The sheep industry is the _________ livestock industry in the U.S.

smallest

The goat and sheep industry survives in

niche markets (4H, FFA, Hotel & Restaurant trade)

Sheep fat contect

6-8%

Sheep fat content

6-8%

What year did English settlers bring sheep for solely for wool production

1609

Highest sheep inventory; ~50 million head

Post Civil War - WWII

Sheep Industry Sectors

Producers, Lamb Feeders, Lamb Processors, Support industries

___________ is leading lamb feeding state, followed by Texas

Colorado

Top Goat Production Systems

Hair, Meat, Dairy

What goat is primarily used for hair production

Angora

What goats are primarily used for meat production

Spanish & Boer

What state is the leading dairy goat state

California

How many gallons of milk does a goat produce per day

1/2

Which sheep is the most dominant breed in worldwide sheep industry

Merino (Spain)

Which sheep is the most dominant range ewe in the US

Rambouillet (France)

Columbia (United States)

Fine wool, white faced, polled

Dorset (England)

known for ability to breed out of season & prolificacy & milking ability

Hampshire (England)

masculin - face, ears, legs are dark brown-black - have wool cap on head

Suffolk (England)

Ewes prolific and heavy milking but produce poor fleeces

Southdown (England)

Early maturing, good lambing, average milk production, excel in cross breeding programs to produce meaty carcasses at light weights

Over ____ of U.S. Angora goats located in TX

90%

What goat produces mohair (higher price than wool)

Angora (Turkey)

South African Boer Goat

hardy, fast growing, meat-type
generally brown head & neck with white body & legs
short hair

Spanish Goat

Highly variable in appearance and performance
Very prolific & hardy, utilize great deal of browse, used to clear brush

La Mancha (U.S)

lack of ear tissue

What goat is considered heaviest milking breed

Saanen (Switzerland)

Nubian (Africa)

Most popular breed of registered dairy goat in U.S.
Noted for high butter fat compared to other breeds

The industrialization of the country took the population to the cities and left the farmer on a tractor with little need for the ______

horse

Scientific knowledge of _______ is not nearly as extensive as those for other livestock species

horses

Every 5 years ________ _________ _________ __________ attempts to survey all ag producers

National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

How many jobs are in the horse industry

988,394 jobs

How much does the horse industry bring in

$50 Billion

What 3 reasons are people in horse industry for

competition, recreation, and youth education

The horse industry must find ways to continue to attract the _______ ________ or risk shrinking in size

leisure dollar

What horses are greater mobility than some motorized vehicles

Ranch horses

What horses are gently move cattle around to observe for illness

Pen riders

Arabian Horse

U.S. has largest population, but found all over the world - saddle type

Thoroughbred

Known for speed, athletic ability, stamina - Hunter's type

American Quarter Horse

Sprinter - More QHs in U.S. than any other breed - Stock Type

Tennessee Walking Horse

Distinctive Gait - Saddle Type

Rack

2 beat, lateral gait

Trot

2 beat, diagonal gait

Appaloosa

Spotted - Stock Type

American Paint Horse

Stock Type - compete in events similar to QH

Belgian

Known for size, strength, endurance, and action
Pulling power

Percheron

Origin Le Perche, France
Black and grey coloring

Clydesdale

Was bred in Scotland
Heavy feathering on hooves

Warm-bloods

Developed by crossing light and heavy horses
Weigh: 1100 - 1500 lbs
15.3 - 18 hands

Color

Non-white areas on the horse

Pattern

White hair and its arrangement on the animal

Horse Color

Sum of body color and point color

Points

Mane, tail, lower legs, and ear rims

Walk

4 beat gait