AP World 1.3 - Developments in South and Southeast Asia (copy)

Bhakti Movement

A devotional movement in Hinduism that emphasizes personal devotion to a deity, rather than ritual practices and texts. Popularized in the 12th century and accessible to all, regardless of social status.

Sufism

A mystical Islamic belief that emphasizes personal experience of the Divine and focuses on devotion and modest living, often accommodating local beliefs.

Srivijaya Empire

A powerful maritime and commercial kingdom that dominated trade in the Indian Ocean from 670 to 1025 CE, known for its strategic control of critical trade routes.

Khmer Kingdom

An empire founded in 802 CE in modern-day Cambodia, strongly influenced by Indian culture, noted for Angkor Wat and a unique social system not based on the caste system.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds that facilitated Indian Ocean trade by blowing eastward in summer and westward in winter, greatly increasing trade efficiency.

Vijayanagara Empire

A prominent empire in southern India established in 1336, notable for its cultural revival, resistance against Muslim invasions, and promotion of Hindu administration.

Majapahit

A significant regional power in Southeast Asia known for maintaining relations with several neighboring kingdoms, known for a rich cultural legacy.

Rajput Kingdoms

Patrilineal clans in central and northern India known for land ownership, significantly influencing regional culture and governance.

Sukhothai Kingdom

A historical kingdom in Thailand founded in 1238, considered the first national capital of Thailand, marked by independence from the Khmer Empire.

Sinhala Dynasties

A historical group of kingdoms in Sri Lanka influenced by Buddhism, facing challenges from Tamil invaders and evolving through trade and agriculture.