Muscle Quiz - Biomed

Temporalis

origin: temporal bone

insertion: mandible

prime function: closes mouth; pulls lower jaw in under upper jaw

oribicularis oculi

origin: medial composing the orbit

insertion: circumference of orbit

prime function: closes eyelids

orbicularis oris

origin - tissue surrounding lips

insertion - underneath skin at corners of the mouth

prime function - shaping of lips

zygomaticus major

(only need to know the prime function)

prime function - smiling

buccinator

(only need to know prime function)

prime function - lateral movement of cheeks (compresses)

Sternoclidomastoid

origin: sternum clavicle

insertion: temporal bone: occipital

prime function: rotates and tilts head to the side, tilts head forward

(dr. g's favorite muscle)

rectus abdominis

origin: pubis

insertion: sternum; ribs 5 and 7

prime function: sitting up

Transverus abdominis

prime function (only one needed to know): compresses abdomen

external oblique

prime function: twisting at the waist and twisting towards the side

internal oblique

origin: rib 5-12, illium

insertion: ribs 7-10, linea alba, ilium

prime function: same as external oblique

serratus anterior

prime function: moves arm from side of body to front

pectoralis major

origin: anterior border of the medial half of the clavicle.

insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

prime function: brings elbows together, moves elbow up

scalenes (group)

prime function: lateral flexion and rotation of the neck, elevating the ribs during forced inspiration

Trapezius

origin: skull, vertebral column

insertion: acromion and spine of scapula; clavicle

prime function: elevates shoulder, pull shoulder blades together; tilts head backwards

Diaphragm

origin: sternum, ribs 6-12, lumbar vertebrae

insertion: central tendon

prime function: inhalation, exhalation

latissimus dorsi

origin: thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12), lumbar vertebrae, lower ribs 99-12); iliac crest

insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

prime function: moves elbow back, spreads elbow apart

Deltoid

origin: trapezius, clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

prime function: lifts arm at shoulder

biceps brachii

origin: coracoid process; tubercle above glenoid cavity

insertion: radial tuberosity

prime function: performs a bicep curl; also allows palm of hand to point toward body while flexing

triceps brachii

Origin: scapula and humerus

Insertion: ulna

prime function: extends forearm, as during a punch

Sartorius

origin: anterior superior iliac spine

insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia

prime function: moves back of lower legs up and back towards the buttocks, as when kneeling assists in moving thigh diagonally upward and outward as when mounting a bike

rectus femoris

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine; superior margin of acetabulum

insertion: patella; tibial tuberosity

prime function: moves lower leg out in front of body, as when kicking

vastus medialis

origin: linea aspera; intertrochanteric line

insertion: patella; tibial tuberosity

prime function: moves lower leg out in front, as when kicking

biceps femoris

origin: ischial tuberosity; linea aspera; distal femur

insertion: head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia

prime function: moves back of lower legs up and back toward the buttocks, kneeling

llipsoas

origin: iliac fossa of pelvis

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

prime function: external rotation of hip joint

Gastrocnemius

origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur

insertion: posterior calcaneus

prime function: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when food-tapping or jumping; assists in moving the back of the lower legs up and back toward the buttocks

Soleus

origin: superior tibia;fibula; interosseous membrane

insertion: posterior calcaneus

prime function: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; maintains posture while walking

tibialis anterior

origin: lateral condyle and upper tibial shaft; interosseous membrane

insertion: interior surface of medial cuneiform; first metatarsal bone

prime function: raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap; bends the inside of the foot upwards, as when catching your balance while falling laterally toward the opposite side as the balancing foot