APES I Cycles and Chemical Equations

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Describe the nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fixation: converts nitrogen gas into a usable form

  • bacteria in plant roots (bush beans)

Nitrification: ammonia and other compounds become nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3)

  • bacteria in soil and water

Assimilation: nitrogen is in a usable form and is incorporated into proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules

  • absorbed by plant tissues

  • synthesized by consumers

  • runoff into ocean

Denitrification: return nitrogen to the atmosphere

  • bacteria convert nitrate into nitrous oxide (N2O) and then into nitrogen gas (N2)

<p><strong>Nitrogen fixation</strong>: converts nitrogen gas into a usable form </p><ul><li><p>bacteria in plant roots (bush beans)</p></li></ul><p><strong>Nitrification</strong>: ammonia and other compounds become nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3)</p><ul><li><p>bacteria in soil and water </p></li></ul><p><strong>Assimilation</strong>: nitrogen is in a usable form and is incorporated into proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules</p><ul><li><p>absorbed by plant tissues </p></li><li><p>synthesized by consumers</p></li><li><p>runoff into ocean </p></li></ul><p><strong>Denitrification</strong>: return nitrogen to the atmosphere</p><ul><li><p>bacteria convert nitrate into nitrous oxide (N2O) and then into nitrogen gas (N2)</p></li></ul><p></p><p></p>
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Describe the carbon cycle

  1. Carbon in atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis (carbon sequestration)

  2. Plants eaten by animals and carbon is bioaccumulated into their bodies

  3. Plants + animals die and decompose, releasing carbon into the atmosphere

  4. Some carbon becomes fossil fuels

  5. Burning fossil fuels adds more oxygen into the atmosphere

<ol><li><p>Carbon in atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis (<strong>carbon sequestration)</strong></p></li><li><p>Plants eaten by animals and carbon is bioaccumulated into their bodies </p></li><li><p>Plants + animals die and decompose, releasing carbon into the atmosphere</p></li><li><p>Some carbon becomes fossil fuels </p></li><li><p>Burning fossil fuels adds more oxygen into the atmosphere </p></li></ol><p></p>
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Describe the phosphorus cycle

  1. Weathering

  2. Absorption by plants

  3. Animals eat plants and absorb the phosphorus

  4. Decomposition releases phosphorus back into the soil

<ol><li><p>Weathering </p></li><li><p>Absorption by plants</p></li><li><p>Animals eat plants and absorb the phosphorus</p></li><li><p>Decomposition releases phosphorus back into the soil </p></li></ol><p></p>
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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Equations

CFC’s+UV = Cl-

Cl- + O3 = ClO + O2

ClO + O- = Cl- +O2

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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Explanation

CFCS are broken down by UV rays into Cl-. The free Chlorine bonds Ozone and makes ClO + O2. The cycle then repeats and chlorine doesn’t allow the free O2 molecule to bond another oxygen atom.

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Stratospheric Ozone Formation Equations

O- + O2 =O3

O3+UV=O- +O2

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Stratospheric Ozone Formation Explanation

A free O (oxygen) atom bonds with an O2 (oxygen molecule) and makes stratospheric ozone. The O3 is then broken apart by UV rays into O2 and O- and the free O- bonds to another O2 and creates more O3. The cycle Repeats.

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Tropospheric ozone formation explanation

Ultraviolet sunlight breaks apart an oxygen molecule to form two separate oxygen atoms. In the second step, each atom then undergoes a binding collision with another oxygen molecule to form an ozone molecule.

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