MCAT Amino Acids Properties

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Last updated 1:55 AM on 9/7/26
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20 Terms

1
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Methionine

Nonpolar - nonaromatic

Sulfur atom in side chain

Met

M

<p>Nonpolar - nonaromatic</p><p>Sulfur atom in side chain</p><p>Met</p><p>M</p>
2
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Glycine

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Single H in side chain

The only achiral AA

Smallest AA

Gly

G

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Single H in side chain</p><p>The only achiral AA</p><p>Smallest AA</p><p>Gly</p><p>G</p>
3
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Alanine

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Side chain: Methyl group

Hydrophobic

Ala

A

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Side chain: Methyl group</p><p>Hydrophobic</p><p>Ala</p><p>A</p>
4
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Valine

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Side chain: Isopropyl variable

Hydrophobic

Val

V

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Side chain: Isopropyl variable</p><p>Hydrophobic</p><p>Val</p><p>V</p>
5
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Leucine

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Side chain: Isobutyl

Hydrophobic

Leu

L

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Side chain: Isobutyl</p><p>Hydrophobic</p><p>Leu </p><p>L</p>
6
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Isoleucine

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Side chain: Hydrocarbon

Hydrophobic

Ile

I

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Side chain: Hydrocarbon</p><p>Hydrophobic</p><p>Ile</p><p>I</p>
7
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Proline

Nonpolar, nonaromatic

Forms a cyclic AA

Unique: Amino Nitrogen becomes part of side chain instead of at alpha C

Side chain: Forms 5-membered ring - limits where AA can appear and constrains Secondary structure

Pro

P

<p>Nonpolar, nonaromatic</p><p>Forms a cyclic AA</p><p>Unique: Amino Nitrogen becomes part of side chain instead of at alpha C</p><p>Side chain: Forms 5-membered ring - limits where AA can appear and constrains Secondary structure</p><p>Pro</p><p>P</p>
8
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Tryptophan

Non polar, Aromatic side chain

Largest of the aromatics

Side chain: Double ring containing Nitrogen

Trp

W

<p>Non polar, Aromatic side chain</p><p>Largest of the aromatics</p><p>Side chain: Double ring containing Nitrogen</p><p>Trp</p><p>W</p>
9
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Phenylalanine

Non polar, Aromatic side chain

Smallest aromatic

Side chain: Benzyl (Benzine with CH2 group)

Hydrophobic

Phe

F

<p>Non polar, Aromatic side chain</p><p>Smallest aromatic</p><p>Side chain: Benzyl (Benzine with CH2 group)</p><p>Hydrophobic</p><p>Phe</p><p>F</p>
10
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Tyrosine

Polar, Aromatic side chain

Side chain: Benzyl with an OH group

Tyr

Y

<p>Polar, Aromatic side chain</p><p>Side chain: Benzyl with an OH group</p><p>Tyr</p><p>Y</p>
11
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Serine

Polar, Non-aromatic

Side chain: Hydroxylmethyl (Methyl with an OH)

Involved with H-bonding

Ser

S

<p>Polar, Non-aromatic </p><p>Side chain: Hydroxylmethyl (Methyl with an OH)</p><p>Involved with H-bonding</p><p>Ser</p><p>S</p>
12
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Threonine

Polar, Non-aromatic

Side chain: Alcohol

Involved with H-bonding

Thr

T

<p>Polar, Non-aromatic </p><p>Side chain: Alcohol</p><p>Involved with H-bonding</p><p>Thr</p><p>T</p>
13
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Asparagine

Polar, Non-aromatic

Side chain: amide (The O double bond points down)

The side chain N does not gain or lose proteins

Asn

N

<p>Polar, Non-aromatic</p><p>Side chain: amide (The O double bond points down)</p><p>The side chain N does not gain or lose proteins</p><p>Asn</p><p>N</p>
14
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Glutamine

Polar, Non-aromatic

Side chain: Amide (The O double bond points up)

The side chain N does not gain or lose proteins

Gln

Q

<p>Polar, Non-aromatic </p><p>Side chain: Amide (The O double bond points up)</p><p>The side chain N does not gain or lose proteins</p><p>Gln</p><p>Q</p>
15
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Cysteine

Polar, Non-aromatic

Side chain: Thiol (SH group)

Prone to oxidation

Cys

C

<p>Polar, Non-aromatic </p><p>Side chain: Thiol (SH group)</p><p>Prone to oxidation</p><p>Cys</p><p>C</p>
16
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Aspartic Acid (Aspartate)

Negatively charged (Acidic)

Side chain: COO- (Double bond points down)

Notice it is acidic

Hydrophilic

Asp

D

<p>Negatively charged (Acidic)</p><p>Side chain: COO- (Double bond points down)</p><p>Notice it is acidic</p><p>Hydrophilic</p><p>Asp</p><p>D</p>
17
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Glutamic Acid (Glutatmate)

Negatively charged (Acidic)

Side chain: COO- (double bond O points up)

Notice it is acidic

Hydrophilic

Glu

E

<p>Negatively charged (Acidic)</p><p>Side chain: COO- (double bond O points up)</p><p>Notice it is acidic</p><p>Hydrophilic</p><p>Glu</p><p>E</p>
18
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Lysine

Positively charged (Basic)

Side chain: Terminal primary amino group

Hydrophilic

Lys

K

<p>Positively charged (Basic) </p><p>Side chain: Terminal primary amino group</p><p>Hydrophilic</p><p>Lys</p><p>K</p>
19
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Arginine

Positively charged (Basic)

Side chain: 3 N atoms

Hydrophilic

Arg

R

<p>Positively charged (Basic) </p><p>Side chain: 3 N atoms</p><p>Hydrophilic</p><p>Arg</p><p>R</p>
20
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Histidine

Positively charged (Basic)

*Is neutral at pH of 7.4*

Side chain: Aromatic ring with 2 N atoms

Hydrophilic

His

H

<p>Positively charged (Basic) </p><p>*Is neutral at pH of 7.4*</p><p>Side chain: Aromatic ring with 2 N atoms</p><p>Hydrophilic</p><p>His</p><p>H</p>