MCN SL

Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Emphasizes sociocultural determinants of development across 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The conflict during the infancy stage (birth to 18 months) resolved with the virtue of hope.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The conflict during early childhood (2 to 3 years) resolved with the virtue of will.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The conflict during preschool years (3 to 5 years) resolved with the virtue of purpose.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The conflict during school age (6 to 11 years) resolved with the virtue of confidence.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The conflict during adolescence (12 to 18 years) resolved with the virtue of fidelity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The conflict during young adulthood (19 to 40 years) resolved with the virtue of love.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The conflict during middle adulthood (40 to 65 years) resolved with the virtue of care.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

The conflict during maturity (65 to death) resolved with the virtue of wisdom.

Freud's Oral Stage

First stage in Freud's psychosexual development from 0-1 year focused on oral pleasure.

Freud's Anal Stage

Second stage from 1-3 years focused on bowel and bladder control during toilet training.

Freud's Phallic Stage

Third stage from 3-6 years where pleasure is focused on the genitalia.

Freud's Latency Stage

Fourth stage from 6-12 years characterized by repressed sexual feelings.

Freud's Genital Stage

Final stage from 13-18 years focusing on mature sexual relationships.

ID

The instinctual part of the psyche driven by the pleasure principle.

EGO

The part of the psyche that operates on the reality principle.

SUPEREGO

The conscience part of the psyche that holds values and morals.

Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

First cognitive stage (birth to 2 years) where infants understand the environment through actions.

Piaget's Preoperational Stage

Second cognitive stage (2-7 years) characterized by egocentric thinking and symbolic thought.

Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage

Third cognitive stage (7-11 years) where children gain the ability to perform mental operations.

Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

Fourth cognitive stage (11 years to adulthood) focusing on abstract and theoretical thinking.

Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory

Outlines three levels of moral thinking based on cognitive development.

Preconventional Level

The first level in Kohlberg's model where morality is externally controlled and based on consequences.

Conventional Level

The second level in Kohlberg's model where morality is tied to societal relationships and authority.

Postconventional Level

The third level in Kohlberg's model where morality is defined by abstract principles and values.

Obedience-and-Punishment Orientation

Stage 1 of Preconventional Level where actions are judged by punishment severity.

Instrumental Orientation

Stage 2 of Preconventional Level where right behavior is based on self-interest.

Good Boy, Nice Girl Orientation

Stage 3 of Conventional Level where approval of others is sought.

Law-and-Order Orientation

Stage 4 of Conventional Level emphasizing adherence to societal rules.

Social-Contract Orientation

Stage 5 of Postconventional Level where laws are seen as social contracts.

Universal-Ethical-Principal Orientation

Stage 6 of Postconventional Level where morality is based on abstract ethical principles.

Oedipus Complex

A child's fixation with the opposite-sex parent occurring in the phallic stage.

Anal Retentiveness

Fixation resulting in excessive orderliness from the anal stage.

Libidinal Energy

The energy associated with the sex drive in Freud's theory.

Cognitive Development

The process by which individuals acquire the ability to think and understand.

Moral Reasoning

The process of determining right from wrong based on various levels of moral development.