Foundation of Nursing Exam #1 review

What are the levels of communication?

- intrapersonal

- interpersonal

- transpersonal

- small-group

- public

- electronic

What is intrapersonal communication?

communication with yourself, self-talk

What is interpersonal communication?

communication between two people

What is small group communication?

interactions with a small number of people, like staff meetings or support groups

What is Public communication?

interaction with an audience, like seminars

What is electronic communication?

Using Patient portal records

What are the elements of the communication process?

- Referent

- Sender and receiver

- Message

- Channels

- Feedback

- Interpersonal values

- Environment

What is a referent?

event or thought initiating the communication

What is a sender and receiver?

The sender is the person who encodes and delivers the message, and the receiver is the person who receives and decodes the message

What is the message?

content of the communication

What is the channels?

means of conveying and receiving messages

What is the feedback

the response to a message

What are the forms of communication?

verbal and nonverbal

What are some parts of the verbal communication?

- Vocabulary

- Denotation and connotative meaning

- Pacing (don't rush, take your time)

- Intonation

- Clarity and Brevity (Be clear with the info)

- Timing and relevance (Plan what you will say and wait for the right time)

What is Denotative and connotative meaning?

Denotative: The meaning is the same

Connotative: The idea that is associated to it

What are some part of a non-verbal communication?

- Personal appearance

- Posture and gait

- Facial expression

- Eye contact

- Gestures

- Sounds

- Territoriality and personal space ( Respect their personal space)

- Metacommunication

Zones of personal space

- intimate zone (0-18 inches)

- personal zone (18 inches to 40 inches)

- social zone (4 to 12 feet)

- public zone (12 feet and greater)

What are the professional nursing Relationships?

- Nurse-patient caring relationships,

- Nurse-family relationships,

- Nurse health care team relationships,

- Nurse community relationships

- Motivational interviewing

What is the nurse-patient relationship?

Care about the client and their unique health needs promoting an environment for positive change and growth

What is motivational interviewing?

Encourage the clients to share their thoughts, beliefs, fear, and concerns with the aim of changing their behavior

What is the nurse-family relationship?

communication with families by understanding complexities of family dynamics, needs & relationship

What is nurse-health care team relationship?

- Affects client safety and the work environment (eg. Hand off reports, SBAR)

- Understand lateral violence

What is nurse-community relationship?

Form relationships with community groups by participating in local organizations, volunteering for community service and becoming politically active

What does SBAR stand for?

S: Situation

B: Background

A: Assessment

R: Recommendation

What information should you include in the Situation part of the SBAR?

- Your name and nurse ward

- Reason your calling

- include patient name

What information would you include in the background part of the SBAR?

- Give the background information about the patient

- Reason they were admitted

- Their vital signs

What information should you include in the Assessment part of the SBAR?

- Explain the problem

- What did you do to help with the problem if you did anything

What information should you include in the Recommendation part of the SBAR?

- Tell them what you recommend

- Ask them to come see the patient

- Ask them if you should do anything while they wait for the doctor

What are the phases of helping relationship?

- Pre-interaction phase (Know what you need to know about the patient)

- Orientation phase (introduce yourself)

- Working phase (Work together to find the solution)

- Termination phase (Saying bye)

What are the Elements of professional communication?

- AIDET

- Courtesy

- Use of names

- Trustworthiness

- Autonomy and responsibility

- Courtesy

- Assertiveness

What does AIDEt stand for?

Acknowledge

Introduce

Duration

Explain

Thank you

What is the nursing process?

ADPIE

Assessment

Diagnosis

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

What should you do during the Assessment part of ADPIE?

- You are collecting data about you patient by asking them questions

- Look through the patients eyes

- Environmental factors

- Physical and emotional factors

- Gender

- Developmental factors

- Sociocultural

What should you do during the Diagnosis part of ADPIE?

- Analysis and nursing diagnosis for communication

- Communication barrier

- Difficult coping

- powerlessness

- Impaired socialization

What should you do during the planning part of ADPIE?

- Involve the family

- Allow adequate time for practice

- Goals and outcomes (specific and measurable)

- Setting priorities

- Teamwork and collaboration

What should you do during the Implementation part of ADPIE?

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

- Active listening

- Sharing observation

- Sharing empathy

- Sharing hope

- Sharing humor

- Sharing feelings

- Using touch

- Using silence

- Providing information

- Clarifying

- Focusing

- Paraphrasing

- Validation

- Asking relevant questions

- Summarizing

- Self-disclosure

- Confrontation

Implementation: Non-therapeutic communication Techniques

- Asking personal questions

- Giving personal opinions

- Changing the subject

- Automatic responses

- False reassurance

- Sympathy

- Asking for explanations

- Approval or disapproval

- Defensive responses

- Passive or agressive responses

- Arguing

Implementation: Special communication considerations

Sociocultural considerations:

- Culture influences thinking, feeling, behaving, and communication

Speech and language considerations:

- Use appropriate interventions based on patient needs to adapt your communication techniques

- Never use family members for interpretation

Adapting communication techniques for the client with special needs

- Speech and language considerations '

- Use thought and sensitivity

What should you do during the Evaluation part of ADPIE?

Through the patient's eyes:

- One form of evaluation is to determine a patient's perception of the success of the plan of care in facilitating communication

Patient outcomes:

- If expected outcomes for the client's plan of care are not met or if progress is unsatisfactory, you determine which factors influenced the outcomes and modify the plan care

- Nursing interventions should be evaluated to determine which strategies or interventions were effective

Levels of Prevention

- Primary

- Secondary

- Tertiary

What is primary prevention?

- Prevents diseases from developing

- Reduces or eliminates risk factors

- EX: Vaccines, Exercise

What is Secondary prevention?

- Preventing the Diseases and minimizing risks

- Early identification and treatment

- EX: Regular check ups

What is Tertiary prevention?

- Focuses on to stop or slow down the damage

- Prevents things from getting worse

- EX: Help a stroke victim start walking and moving by physical therapy

QSEN competencies

1. Patient-centered care

2. Teamwork and collaboration

3. Evidence-based practice

4. Quality improvement

5. Safety

6. Informatics

Documentation