more science prep

which of the following is the most common gas in Earth's atmosphere?

nitrogen

Which statement correctly reflects the relative distances between the Moon, Earth, and the Sun?

the Moon's distance from the Sun is considerably greater than its distance from Earth

this is the explosion of a high-mass star as it approaches the end of its life cycle.

supernova

of the following, which is most directly related to plate tectonics?

earthquakes and global warming

the relative positions of the sun, the Moon, and Earth affect which of the following?

eclipse

tides

phases of the moon

earth rotation

earth’s tilt on its axis

what types of rocks contain fossils?

sedimentary

which three of the following statements about stars are true?

stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium

various stars have different temperatures

stars are commonly found in pairs, known as binary systems

which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source on Earth

solar power

which process is responsible for the formation of clouds during the water cycle?

condensation

which scientist proposed the theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener

A teacher shows students two pictures. One picture is of a penguin on a tropical island, and the other is of a lizard in a snowstorm. The teacher then leads a discussion on how these animals might adapt over time. Which of the following would be most appropriate to include in this discussion?

an explanation of trait variations different species experience to survive

a teacher is showing students that plants need the assistance of other species to aid in pollination. Which of the following THREE students responses indicate that the students understand this concept?

Pollen can get stuck on the fur of a bear. As the bear moves around the environment, the pollen rubs up against other plants so they can get pollinated

Pollen gets attached to bees' legs. As the bee flies from one plant to another, the pollen is transferred to different plants, which helps them get pollinated

Bugs recognize flowers by color and smell, which helps the bugs move from one plant to another

which of the following would be most effective in showing students that energy is lost as it is transferred from one trophic system to another?

energy pyramid

a teacher explains that all cells must reproduce to make new cells. Which of the following concepts is the teacher going over?

cell theory

a teacher is helping students understand that when two organisms reproduce, the offspring receives half of its genes from one parent and half of its genes from another parent. Which of the following would be most helpful in explaining this?

a Punnett square activity

which of the following statements indicates that students understand how traits in a population may some members a reproductive advantage in each environment?

trait variation can lead to natural selection and adaptation

which of the following is an example of a biome?

a tundra

which of the following provides plants with the surface area they need to absorb water?

root hairs

organisms that are in the same biological order will not necessarily be in the same:

species

which of the following organisms primarily regulates its internal body temperature externally as the environment's temperatures change?

grasshopper

which scenario results in a heightened force of electrostatic attraction as the objects are moved nearer to each other?

decreasing the distance between one positively charges object and one negatively charges object

which of the following demonstrates an instance of chemical weathering?

rusting of a metal pillar of a bridge

a model rocket is launched straight up to a height of approximately one hundred meters. As the rocket descends back towards the ground, which of the following is most likely true about its energy?

the rocket's kinetic energy increases due to the force of gravity

students are measuring mass using a graduated cylinder and water. How would the students express the density using units?

grams per milliliter

which of the following is true about sound waves with a high frequency versus those with a low frequency?

they have a higher pitch compared to low-frequency sound waves

when a ray of light passes from air into a glass lens, it undergoes a phenomenon known as ____________, where the light wave changes direction and velocity due to the change in medium. This effect occurs because the speed of light is different in air compared to the glass lens.

refraction

which statement correctly distinguishes between weight and mass?

an object's mass is not affected by its location

if a metal spoon at room temperature is placed in a pot of boiling water, which of the following is likely to occur?

some heat from the water will flow from water to spoon

how is an element defined in terms of its atomic composition?

it is a singular substance made up of only one kind of atom

which of the following is a small machine that has a sloping surface that reduces the force required to lift an object by increasing the distance over which the force is applied?

inclined plane

how long does it take for Earth to go around the sun?

365 days

where are aquifers located?

beneath Earth’s crust

what happens during a solar eclipse?

the moon moves in front of the sun relative to Earth

on which day is there approximately 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night?

fall equinox

which planet is closest in size and density to Earth?

venus

which celestial phenomenon is primarily influenced by gravity?

earth’s orbit

the picture below is an example of the Water Cycle:

hydrosphere

this type of rock was originally liquid below Earth's crust and is formed by lava and magma.

igneous

Mr. Lopez is teaching a unit on seasons. He explains why summer days are longer and winter days are shorter. What should Mr. Lopez emphasize regarding Earth when explaining this phenomenon?

tilt on axis

the ___________ affects the ocean tides

moon

if a star explodes and emits light that is 13 light years away, how long will it take to be visible from Earth?

13 years

______________ are made up of metals and rocky material, while __________, are made up of ice, dust, and rocky material

asteroids, comets

this area is located around the outer edge of the Pacific Ocean and is where most volcanic activity occurs:

ring of fire

which of the following is the densest part of Earth?

the core

which of the following contains most of the world's fresh water?

glaciers

a giant wave caused by an earthquake is called a:

tsunami

glaciers and icecaps are all part of what spheres?

hydrosphere

lithosphere

cryosphere

which of the following cell structures appears in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplast

Mr. Rodriguez is helping students understand how the common cold is transmitted. He is most likely giving a lesson on:

viruses

a eukaryote that does not make its own food and that does not contain cells with a cell wall is a(n):

animalia

during this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach to the center of the chromosomes.

metaphase

sometimes during cell division, sex cells contain three copies of chromosomes instead of two. This results in:

trisomy

Red plants have the dominant trait for color (R), while white plants have the recessive trait for color (r). How many red plants and white plants are produced when Rr x Rr are crossed?

3 red plants, 1 one white plant

which of the following is a producer?

grass

a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit is called:

mutualism

proteins are made up of:

amino acids

Ms. Wheeler is explaining that humans have 46 chromosomes- 23 from mom and 23 from dad. She is most likely giving a lesson on:

meiosis

This human system is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen, and other gases to and from cells:

circulatory

which of the following has an open circulatory system:

clam

homeostasis refers to the mechanism of the body to maintain a stable internal environment instead of changes taking place in the external environment. Which of the following contributes to homeostasis?

sweating

who was responsible for the classification of living organisms?

Carl Linnaeus

which organ(s) filter the blood of toxins?

kidneys

these make up the middle or ladder part of the DNA and code for specific genes

nitrogen bases

which of the following is a benefit to sexual reproduction?

it results in genetic variance

which of the following is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?

plant cells use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make their own food, while animal cells make ATP from glucose and oxygen

Plant cells go through photosynthesis, while animal cells go through cellular respiration

which of the following is considered the least resistant to electricity and the best conductor of electricity?

copper

which of the following is an accurate description of how lightning works?

when the ground becomes positively charged, the negatively charged electrons in the cloud move down the cloud towards the ground and lightning occurs

which of the following is a chemical reaction?

rust forming on a bike left out in the rain

plants going through photosynthesis

during which of the following is condensation occurring?

water droplets forming on the outside of a surface

which of the following is the least reactive element?

hydrogen

which of the following phases occurs when boiling water?

vaporization

A 500 g object at 50 °C is placed into 500 l of 25 °C water in an insulated container. After a few minutes, what could their temperatures be?

Object is 27.5 °C; water is 27.5 °C

which of the following is the smallest part of an element that retains its chemical properties?

atom

in a glass of water, ice floats to the surface of the water. Why does this happen?

the ice is less dense than the water

why is it easier to compress a gas rather than a solid?

the particles in a gas are further apart than they are in a solid

in this experiment the student's prediction is called the:

hypothesis

in this experiment, the fertilizer is the:

independent variable

in this experiment, the pot with no fertilizer is the:

control

in this experiment, the difference in growth is the:

dependent variable

the most important thing a teacher can do for students in a science classroom is:

encourage inquiry

when a scientist makes a discovery in an experiment, what should she do?

conduct the experiment over and over again to see if she gets the same results

a student is looking at different types of rocks. He notices the texture, size, and hardness of the rocks. The student is making a(n):

observation

the sun appears bigger than other stars because of:

the distance Earth is from the sun

this is when plants suck water from roots to the small pores in leaves, releasing the water vapor into the atmosphere.

transplantation

the earth is getting hotter because:

High levels of carbon dioxide trap the sun's radiation in the atmosphere.

In a lunar eclipse, what is the order of the Earth, sun, and moon?

moon, Earth, sun

what causes Earth's magnetism?

The inner and outer core rotation

tectonic plates slide against each other in opposite directions, causing a(n):

earthquake

___________ happens when warmer, lighter air at the Equator moves toward the cooler air at the poles

convection currents

This event in history was pivotal in that it galvanized the US space program and started what is known as the Space Race.

launch of Russia's Sputnik

__________ are formed when Earth's plates pull apart

divergent plate boundaries

which of the following is the sphere where all living things are contained?

biosphere

during the Scientific Revolution, Copernicus introduced his theory that Earth revolves around the sun

heliocentric

When the full moon starts to appear smaller as each night goes on, the moon is:

waning

what part of Earth receives the most sunlight in a year?

the Equator

This theory suggests Earth's continents were all once one big landmass. Over time, the continents separated because of plate tectonics

continental drift

the hotter a star is, the closer to this color it is

blue

During this eon, prokaryote life (the first form of life) emerged. The atmosphere is composed of volcanic and greenhouse gases.

archean