Physics Chapter 8- Universal Gravitation

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

The behavior of every planet and satellite is described by ___.

Law of Universal Gravitation

The ___ states that the gravitational force between two objects depends directly on the product of their masses and inversely on the square of the distance between the centers of the masses.

Inertial Mass

This is a resistance to acceleration with the formula F_net/a

Gravitational Mass

This is an attraction towards other masses with the formula r²F_grav/Gm.

Gravitational Field

The ___ is a property of the region surrounding an object, is due to the object’s mass, and interacts with other objects, resulting in a force of attraction.

Black Hole

A massive and dense object in which light leaving the object is totally bent back to the object, resulting in no light escaping is a ___

Period

The time needed to repeat one complete cycle of motion is a ___

Centripetal Acceleration

The direction of ___ is toward the center of motion.

Inverse Square Law

A relationship in which one variable is inversely proportional to the square of another variable is the basis of an ___

Newton’s Universal Gravitational Constant

___ is the same number for any two masses anywhere.

The Earth

Tycho Brahe believed that ___ was the center of the universe

The Sun

Johannes Kepler believed that ___ was the center of the universe

Mathematical

Kepler’s Laws are ____

The paths of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus.

What is Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion?

An imaginary line from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.

What is Kepler’s Second Law of Planetary Motion?

The formula (T_A)²/(T_B)²=(r_A)³/(r_B)³ which is used to related the motion of two satellites about a singular object.

What is Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion?

Galileo

Who discovered the moons of Jupiter?

Newton

Who proposed that gravitational attraction keeps planets and satellites in their orbits? And the Inverse Square Law?

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

The effect and origin of gravity is proposed by…

6.67 × 10^(-11)

What is the Universal Gravitational Constant?

F=G((m_Am_B)/d²)

What is the formula for the Law of Universal Gravitation?

1. v=square root of (Gm_Am_B)/r)

2. T=2pi(square root of (r³/Gm_A)

What are the two laws that describe the motion of satellites?

h+r_A (radius of planet + distance to satellite)

r is equal to