Health Science: Theory + Practice - Self-Study Module: First Aid

abrasion

superficial scrape or rub

abrasion care

flush, pressure, bandage

laceration

jagged, torn wound by sharp object

laceration care

flush, pressure, elevate, bandage

incision

open, straight-cut wound by sharp object

incision care

pressure, elevate, bandage

puncture

small, deep penetration wound by sharp object

puncture care

flush, bandage, verify tetanus immunization

contusion

bruise from blunt-force trauma

contusion care

cold pack to decrease swelling

sprain

ligament tear (bone to bone)

strain

muscle or tendon tear (muscle to bone)

acronym for sprain + strain treatment

Rest

Ice

Compression

Elevation

closed fracture

break in bones within skin

compound, open fracture

bone breaks through skin

dislocations

displacement of bone from normal position

fracture + dislocation treatment

immobilization of affected area

shock

not enough blood flow to heart + tissues

signs + symptoms of shock

• weak pulse

• shallow respirations

• cool + pale + clammy skin

  • dizziness

shock care

• elevate legs 12 inches

  • if needed: recovery position

• begin BLS if needed

urticaria

hives on skin

anaphlaxis

severe allergic reaction

anaphylaxis symptoms

• respiratory distress

• dizziness

• fainting

anaphylaxis care

administer an epi pen

first-degree burn

superficial burn affecting epidermis

• redness + pain

second-degree burn

burn affecting epidermis + dermis

• blistering + pain

third-degree burns

burn affecting all skin layers

• nerve damage → lack of local pain

thermal burn care

room-temp water or saline

chemical burn care

flush area with water for 15-20 mins

hemorrhage care

pressure, elevate, wrap, tourniquet (if needed)

heat exhaustion treatment

move patient to cool area; provide cool drink if patient is able to swallow safely

heat stroke treatment

call 911; move patient to cool area; cool patient with water + ice

hypoglycemia

blood glucose less than 70 mg/dL

hypoglycemia treatment

administer 15 grams of fast-acting carbs

choking (partial obstruction) care

encourage patient to cough

choking (complete obstruction) care

abdominal thrusts

seizure care

protect patient’s head + ensure environment is safe