FAS4 - 2Q Exam

What was the main reason for growing concern for human emotion in Gothic sculptures?

The desire for realism in the figures

What is the name of the Roman building that uses the arch and barrel vault to create stability and strength in its structure?

Aqueducts

Romans wanted their sculptures to remind viewers of ___________.

Specific individuals

Because they were excellent planners and engineers, the Romans were destined to make their mark as _______________.

The first great builders of the world

Why were sculptures elongated in Gothic cathedrals?

To emphasize the vertical movement of the figures

What was the main purpose of gargoyles in Gothic cathedrals?

To carry rainwater from the roofs of the churches

One of the marvels of Roman architecture is the _________. Designed as a temple dedicated to all the Roman gods, it was later converted into a Christian church. The building has been in near-continuous use; therefore, it is in excellent condition today.

Pantheon

Romans loved celebrations and often marked their successful military campaigns by building a monument to the victory: a __________ or heavily decorated arch.

Triumphal Arch

Inside a basilica, rows of slender columns divided the space into what was later called the __________, a long, wide center aisle, and two or more narrower side aisles.

Nave

The __________ was a functional building made to hold large numbers of people.

Basillica

On the lowest level, the columns are ___________, the heaviest and sturdiest of the column orders.

Doric

___________ columns are used on the second level of the Colosseum. The capitals are distinguished by their double scroll design.

Ionic

The lowest zone of the Pantheon has seven __________, recesses in the wall.

Niches

The surface of the Pantheon dome is covered with __________, or indented panels.

Coffers

The Roman basilica had a side entrance and at least one area later called an __________, a semicircular area at the end of the nave.

Apse

A series of round arches from front to back that form a tunnel is best known as a _____________.

Barrel Vaults

The Greeks used columns as structural supports, the Romans added columns to their buildings as _____________________.

Decoration and structural purposes

What was the main purpose of Gothic sculpture?

To present sacred symbols of biblical figures, to make the figures look like real people, to complement the architectural setting

What was the main characteristic of Romanesque carvings?

Figures firmly attached to the wall

What was the main purpose of Illuminated books during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

To contain psalms, gospels, and other parts of the liturgy.

What was the main characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?

Pointed arches and windows

What was the main influence of stained glass in manuscript illumination during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

The use of rich, glowing colors

What was NOT the main characteristic of Gothic sculptures?

Figures firmly attached to the wall.

____________ columns are used on the third level of the Colosseum. These show the most decorative style.

Corinthian

Armed contests were held in large arenas or amphitheaters such as the __________.

Colosseum

A __________ vault is formed when two barrel vaults meet at right angles.

Groin

How does aerial perspective create depth in a painting?

By using lighter colors and less detail for distant objects

What was the Renaissance?

A cultural movement that emphasized art and learning

Which of the following best describes Humanism during the Renaissance?

A belief in the importance of human potential and achievements

How did Humanism influence Renaissance art?

Artists began to depict more realistic human figures and emotions

Which of the following best describes the use of both linear and aerial perspective in Renaissance art?

They help artists depict realistic three-dimensional space on a flat surface

Which artist is known for incorporating Humanist ideas into their work during the Renaissance?

Leonardo da Vinci

Which ancient cultures did Renaissance artists look to for inspiration in developing new styles?

Greek and Roman

How did Renaissance artists incorporate Greek and Roman elements into their work?

By adopting classical architectural styles

In what way did the Renaissance represent a shift from the Middle Ages in terms of artistic focus?

From religious themes to humanism and realism

Who is considered one of the most famous artists of the High Renaissance?

Raphael

What is Leonardo da Vinci best known for?

The Mona Lisa

Which artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

Michelangelo

What is one characteristic of Renaissance art that was influenced by Greek and Roman works?

Realistic human anatomy

What was Raphael's significant contribution to the High Renaissance?

Painting the School of Athens

How did Michelangelo contribute to the Renaissance?

By sculpting the Pieta and Moses

Which of the following describes a common theme in High Renaissance art?

Religious and humanistic themes

How did the printing press contribute to the spread of Renaissance ideas?

By enabling mass production of written works

What is linear perspective in Renaissance art?

A way to create depth using converging lines

The Fall of Rome marked the start of...?

Early Medieval Period

What was the name of the book made for the Duke of Berry?

Book of Hours

Van Gogh inspired...

Fauves and Expressionists

Paul Gauguin inspired...

American abstract expressionist and primitive artists

Which of the following best describes the effect of the printing press on education during the Renaissance?

It increased access to educational materials

Which landscape was a recurring subject in Paul Cezanne's paintings?

Mont Sainte-Victoire

Paul Cezzane inspired...

Cubism

The emperor __________ boasted that he had found Rome a city of brick and stone and left it a city of marble.

Augustus

What painting technique is Vincent van Gogh known for?

Thick, swirling brushstrokes

What was one of the main impacts of the printing press during the Renaissance?

It allowed for faster circulation of knowledge

Which artist is known for his use of bold colors and exotic settings, often depicting scenes from Tahiti?

Paul Gaugin

On the top level of the Colosseum are Corinthian __________, flat, rectangular columns attached to a wall.

Pilasters

Which artist is famous for his expressive use of color and emotive brushwork, as seen in works like 'Starry Night'?

Vincent van Gogh

Which artist is known for his unique approach to form and color, often considered a bridge between Impressionism and Cubism?

Paul Cezanne

Which of the following artists is most closely associated with the Realism movement?

Gustave Courbet

What is the primary focus of Realism in art?

Representing everyday life and ordinary people

How did Realism differ from Romanticism in terms of subject matter?

Realism portrayed ordinary people and situations, while Romanticism emphasized emotion and drama

How did Impressionist painters typically apply paint to their canvases?

With short, quick brushstrokes

Which artists are commonly associated with the Post-Impressionism movement?

Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, and Paul Gauguin

What was one of the primary objectives of the Impressionist painters?

To capture the effects of light and atmosphere

Which of the following artists is considered a leading figure in the Impressionist movement?

Pierre Auguste Renoir

How did Impressionist painters typically depict scenes in their artwork?

By capturing fleeting moments with loose brushwork

Which painting by Claude Monet is often credited with giving the Impressionist movement its name?

Impression, Sunrise

Which of the following best describes the style of Auguste Rodin's sculptures?

Expressive and dynamic

Which of the following best defines Post-Impressionism?

An art movement that developed as a reaction against Impressionism's focus on naturalistic depiction of light and color.

How would you describe Thomas Eakins' artistic style?

Thomas Eakins' style is characterized by its focus on anatomical precision and realistic depiction of human subjects.

To which art movement did Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins contribute during the late nineteenth century?

Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins contributed to the realism movement in American art during the late nineteenth century.

What is Winslow Homer known for in his artistic style?

Winslow Homer is known for his realistic depictions of American life and landscapes, often focusing on the sea and rural scenes.

What is a support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault?

Buttress

How would you describe Winslow Homer's artistic style?

Winslow Homer's style is characterized by its realism and attention to natural light and shadow.

What is Thomas Eakins recognized for in his artistic style?
Your answer

Thomas Eakins is recognized for his realistic portrayal of the human figure and his focus on anatomy and movement

What King encouraged learning and the arts?

King Charlemagne

During what period, were many of the important features of our modern world born, including parliamentary government, common law, present-day languages, and modern nation-states?

Middle Ages, Dark Ages, Age of Faith

What was a common destination of early pilgrimages?

Rome and the Holy Land, Santiago de Compostela

What was the only source of wealth and power under the feudal system?

Land

What is feudalism?

A system in which weak noblemen gave up their lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection.

Where did Vincent van Gogh create some of his most famous works, including 'The Bedroom'?

Arles, France

When did the feudal system reach its peak?

Romanesque period

In what type of art was the Romanesque style especially apparent?

Architecture

Recesses in the wall.

Niches

What structure was used most often for religious services during the Medieval period?

Basilica

Who did the Church influence during the Age of Faith?

Kings and peasants alike

What did Charlemagne encourage in his empire?

Art and Learning

Flat, rectangular columns attached to a wall.

Pilasters

When two barrel vaults meet at right angles.

Groin Vault

How did builders solve the problem of building stone roofs for Romanesque churches?

By using a series of round arches to construct a barrel vault

What was the main purpose of pilgrimages during the time of the Church?

To pay homage to saints and relics, To secure the promise of eternal salvation, To pray for a plentiful harvest

Why was the tympanum on the church's exterior an ideal location for relief sculpture during the Romanesque period?

People naturally lifted their eyes to it as they entered the building.

What were two architectural features found to be ideal places for relief carvings during the Romanesque period?

The tympanum and the capitals of columns.

What was the purpose of the carvings on the front of Romanesque churches?

To illustrate scenes from the lives of saints.

What was the main concern of the Romanesque painters?

The presentation of easy-to-understand religious symbols

What was considered Charlemagne's most important achievement?

Preservation of ancient manuscripts

What was the main focus of attention on the exterior of a Romanesque church?

The tympanum

What dynasty was founded during the Early Medieval period?

Carolingian dynasty

What is considered the start of the Early Medieval period?

The fall of the Roman Empire

How did the establishment of art academies in France and England impact the training of artists?

Artists received formal education and training in classical techniques.