3B: Passive Transport

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21 Terms

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selective permeability

a property of cell membranes that ensures only specific substances pass across them. Also known as semipermeable

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cytosol

the aqueous fluid that surrounds the organelles inside a cell

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passive transport

the movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane and down the concentration gradient, without an input of energy

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active transport

movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane that requires energy

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diffusion

the passive movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (down the concentration gradient)

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concentration gradient

the difference in solute concentration between two adjacent areas

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kinetic energy

the energy a particle or body possesses due to motion

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solute

a substance dissolved in the solvent

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solvent

a liquid in which a solute is dissolved, forming a solution

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facilitated diffusion

a type of passive transport where molecules move through a phospholipid bilayer with the aid of a membrane protein

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protein channel

a transmembrane protein pore in a phospholipid bilayer that selectively enables transport of large or polar molecules

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carrier protein

a membrane protein that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules across a membrane

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conformational change

a change in the three-dimensional shape of macromolecules such as proteins

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osmosis

the passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute (high solvent) to a region of high solute (low solvent)

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tonicity

a measure of the relative concentration of solutes on either side of a semipermeable membrane, described as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic

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hypertonic

describes a solution with a higher solute concentration when compared to another solution

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isotonic

describes a solution with the same solute concentration as another solution

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hypotonic

describes a solution with a lower solute concentration when compared to another solution

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turgid

describes plant cells that are swollen and firm from water uptake

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plasmolysed

describes plant cells with weak and sagging plasma membranes from water loss

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lyse

to cause a cell plasma membrane to burst or break