StarGuard Written Test for Lifeguard Certification

Primary Assessment

people who are unconscious

assess the scene

put on gloves

5 initial breaths

check for consciousness

i have an unresponsive victim, i need backup, call 911, get me a backboard and an AED

rescue breathing

check for pulse and breathing

after this it is different for each senario

hard hits on the shoulder, hey hey are you okay do you need help

how do you check for consciousness

breath every 5-6 seconds for adult

breath every 3-5 seconds for a child/infant

rescue breathing in the water: after 5 initial, how many breaths in how many seconds

workplace expectations, prevention strategy, survelliance, response and rescue, emergency care

The 5 star principles of being a lifeguard

communicate effectively, be safe, have fun, be prepared, be patient

5 tips for effective teaching

Secondary Assessment

no life threatening things at the moment

Deformities

Open injuries

Tenderness

Swelling

what does DOTS stand for in a sec. assess.

Symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Past medical history

Last oral intake

Events leading up to the accident

what does SAMPLE stand for in a sec. assess.

two fingers on carotid artery on neck for pulse, ear close to the mouth looking for a breath/warmth, looking down their body for any chest movements, 5-10 seconds

in a primary assessment, how do you check pulse and breathing for an adult or child

two fingers on the brachial artery on arm for pulse, ear close to the mouth looking for a breath/warmth, looking down their body for any chest movements, 5-10 seconds

in a primary assessment, how do you check pulse and breathing for an infant

recovery position

if the person has a pulse and is breathing, but is unconscious, what do you do

lift left arm all the way up, right hand goes on left shoulder, right knee up, right foot planted on the ground, roll the person to their left side, wait for EMS or for them to wake up

how do you put a person into recovery position on the ground

rescue breathing

if a person has a pulse but is not breathing, what do you do

breath every 5-6 seconds for adult with a pocket mask and BVM if available

breath every 3-5 seconds for a child/infant with a pocket mask and BVM if available

for rescue breathing, how many breaths do you give

start CPR

if a person has no pulse and no breathing, what do you do

adult: 30 compressions 2 inches deep, then 2 breaths

child/infant: 30 compressions, then 2 breaths; if there are 2 rescuers then 15 compressions, then 2 breaths

CPR ratio for adult, child, and infant

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: it is very important to keep track of the time rescued, out of water, first breaths given, when rescue breaths started, when CPR started, and how many cycles you have done

land rescues, C stands for cardiac because the issue probably has something do to with the heart, not breathing

CAB is used for what type of rescues and why

water rescues, A stands for airway because the issue mostly has to do firstly with breathing/not getting air

ABC is used for what rescues and why

non-dominant hand flattened out under dominant hand(in between fingers of non-dominant, palm centered in the middle of the chest, kneeling as close to the body as possible

for CPR, how is the primary rescuer positioned

EMS arrives, scene becomes unsafe, AED becomes available and is ready, too tired to continue, obvious signs of life

what are the five reasons you would stop CPR

Scan

Target

Assess

Alert

Rescue

what does STAAR stand for

go in front of lifeguard chair, scan pool and wall, say bottoms clear i have the pool, lifeguard gets down and goes next to replacement, scans pool and wall, says bottoms clear i have the pool, replacement goes up in chair, scans pool and wall says bottoms clear i have the pool, last lifeguard asks if the new lifeguard needs anything then leaves

procedure for switching guards

Emergency Action Plan

what does EAP stand for

emergency

what does 3 whistle blows mean

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

what does CPR stand for

distressed, horizontal to vertical, look of terror, bobbing, subtle splashes, asking for help, panic breathing

what does drowning look like

10 seconds

how long should it take to scan your entire zone

20 seconds

how long should it take you to get to the victim

proactive scanning

your scanning the pool and watching as soon as you leave the guard room

Recognition=you failed to see someone in need

Interference=another job or task interferes with your primary job of lifeguarding

Distraction=something takes away from your job

what does RID stand for and why should these things happen

5 min sit 5 min stand and repeat til shift is over

how do you scan with sitting and standing

Personal Pertective Equipment

what is PPE

universal precautions

acting as if everything has a disease or is infected

Recreational Water Illness

what does RWI stand for

cryptosporidium, giardia, shigella, norovirus, ecoli; all present in diarrea and sometimes vomit

what disease are we most careful about preventing

Blood

Poop

Vomit

what does BPV stand for

a lot of blood, diarrea, vomit with chunks, and poop we have to get everyone out of the water

minimal blood and minimal liquid vomit we can stay in water

get them to first aid

how do we deal with BPV in the water

use FAST

what do we do if you think/know someone has a stroke

Face(ask them to smile)

Arms(ask them to close eyes and stick arms out straight out in front of them)

Speech(ask them to say a simple sentence)

Time(EMS will want to know when they started feeling bad or weird)

what does FAST stand for

ask if they need help, if no, then tell them to get out of the pool carefully and head to first aid

what would you do for a passive spinal motion restriction

ask if they need help, if yes, then have them put one arm around you and grab other arm or head, assist out of water and to first aid, call EMS

what would you do for a active spinal motion restriction

do-se-do

vice grip with face up

vice grip with face down

vice grip if they have no arms or cant have arms above head

deep water rescue all the way down

deep water rescue halfway down

rescue face down rear rescue

rescue face up

2 person rescue

beach drag one or two person

compact jump

how do you get in the water in deep water

slide in

how do you get in the water in shallow water

land based assist

talk to a poison expert or activate EMS if the person exhibits sleepiness, seizures, difficulty breathing, or vomiting

don't give them anything by mouth to induce vomiting

bring poison to hospital

what first aid do you do for swallowed poisons

remove contaminated clothes

lightly brush off dry chemical or substance with glove

heavily rinse off skin with water

what is the first aid for skin contact poisons

get them to fresh air

monitor any symptoms

talk to a poison expert or activate EMS if the person exhibits sleepiness, seizures, difficulty breathing, or vomiting

what is the first aid for inhaled poisons

activate EMS and begin CPR

if trained, administer naloxone

what is the first aid for opioid overdose

have them sit

activate EMS

control bleeding

cover bite

immobilize body part with bite

what is the first aid for all snakebites

apply pressure bandage

what is the first aid for coral snakebites

keep them warm, reassured, and quiet

seek medical attention

activate EMS for severe

what is the first aid for venomous spider bites

minor:

remove stinger

wash area

cover with bandage

apply ice

recommend otc med

severe:

activate EMS

use auto-injector if they have one

what is the first aid for insect bites

grasp with tweezers

if parts still there, seek medical attention

what is the first aid for tick bites

wipe off stinger or tentacle

wash with vinegar

place in hot water

severe: EMS

what is the first aid for marine animal sting

control bleeding

wash site

bandage

severe: EMS

save tissue that was bitten off

what is the first aid for human or animal bites

carb-electrolite drink

treat like heat exhaustion

what is the first aid for exertional dehydration

symptoms include sweating, thirst, muscle twitches, pale cool moist skin, headache, nausea and vomiting, weakness, dizziness, faints or collapses

first aid is move them to cooler place, remove excess clothing, lie down and elevate legs, apply cool cloth to head and torso, sports drink, gets worse: activate EMS

what is the first aid and symptoms for heat exhaustion

symptoms include decreasing mental status, hot red skin

first aid is move them to cooler place, apply cool cloth to head and torso, apply ice pack to neck, groin, and armpits, put in recovery position, cooling until EMS arrives, don't give food or water by mouth

what is the first aid and symptoms for heatstroke

symptoms include pale, cold skin, shivering, difficulty speaking, loss of coordination, altered mental status

first aid is move them to a warmer place, give dry clothes and blankets, cover head and neck, activate EMS if it gets worse

what is the first aid and symptoms for hypothermia

intense chest pain, heavy sweating, denial

do CPR if you have to, maybe AED

symptoms and first aid of heart attack

pale, sweaty, altered mental status, hunger

give them sugar

symptoms and first aid of hypoglisemic (low sugar for diabetics)

pale, sweaty, altered mental status, hunger

ask SAMPLE, assist in giving insulin

symptoms and first aid of hyperglisemic (high sugar for diabetics)

call EMS epipen hold 10 sec

first aid of anafloaxis/allergic reaction

poor blood flow to the body, creates little to no oxygen in the body tissue

restless, confused, worried, pale skin, sweaty

no food and water, elevate legs, call EMS

definition, symptoms, and first aid of shock

significant trama to the head

headache, nausea, loss of memory

call EMS, sit down, keep comfy

definition, symptoms, and first aid of concussion

complete or partial loss of a body part

control bleeding with pressure and gauze until bleeding stops, treat for shock, call EMS

definition, symptoms, and first aid of wounds

keep person still, don't remove object, treat for shock, call EMS

definition, symptoms, and first aid of impailed object

don't let them rub eye, stabilize them, cover other eye, keep eye still, keep calm

definition, symptoms, and first aid of an impailed object in the eye

tearing of a ligament that holds the joint together

ice for 20 mins at a time

definition and first aid for sprain

call EMS

first aid for fracture

pain redness swelling

1st: pour cold water over burn

2nd: no ice little water

3rd: call EMS

4th: call EMS

electrical: stop current

chemical: remove chemicals (go to safety data sheet)

fire: put fire out

symptoms and first aid for burns

are you choking do you need help

gloves

dominant leg in between theirs

j thrust

if they go unconscious, let them down easy, holding head

sweep mouth

CPR

how to do deal with a choking adult

ask guardian if you can help their baby

kneel on one knee, take baby on arm facing down, hit upward 5 times

switch knee and arm and now its facing up, do 5 compressions

if they go unconscious, sweep mouth and start CPR

how do you deal with a choking baby

people who can walk

direct them to a safe place

give them something to do/help

assist injured to safe place

in natural diasters, who are ambulatory and how do you deal with them

no life treatening injuries

ambulatory helps them

in natural diasters, who are delayed and how do you deal with them

life threatening injuries help is urgent

in natural diasters, who are immediate and how do you deal with them

no signs of life, injuries can't be reversed with treatment there

in natural disaters, who are dead/expected to die and how do you deal with them

immediate, delayed, ambulatory, dead

what is the order of groups you help in a natural disasters