Chapter 16 Microbio OpenStax Multiple choice and matching

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22 Terms

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Which is the most common type of biological vector of human disease?

Arthropods

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A mosquito bites a person who subsequently develops a fever and abdominal rash. What type of transmission would this be?

Biological vector transmission

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Cattle are allowed to pasture in a field that contains the farmhouse well, and the farmer’s family becomes ill with a gastrointestinal pathogen after drinking the water. What type of transmission of infectious agents would this be?

Vehicle transmission

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A blanket from a child with chickenpox is likely to be contaminated with the virus that causes chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus). What is the blanket called?

Fomite

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Which of the following would NOT be considered an emerging disease?

Tuberculosis

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Which of the following would NOT be considered a reemerging disease?

West Nile virus fever/encephalitis

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Which of the following factors can lead to reemergence of a disease?

A period of decline in vaccination rates

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Why are emerging diseases with very few cases the focus of intense scrutiny?

They are increasing and therefore not controlled

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Sporadic disease

a disease found occasionally in a region with cases occurring mainly in isolation from each other

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Endemic disease

a disease found regularly in a region

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Pandemic disease

a disease in higher than expected numbers around the world

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Morbidity rate

the number of disease cases per 100,000 individuals

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Mortality rate

the number of deaths from a disease for every 10,000 individuals

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Experimental

use of a set of test subjects (human or animal) and control subjects that are treated the same as the test subjects except for the specific treatment being studied

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Analytical

observing groups of individuals to look for associations with disease

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Prospective

a comparison of a cohort of individuals through the course of the study

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Descriptive

examination of current case histories, interviews with patients and their contacts, interpretation of medical test results; frequently conducted while an outbreak is still in progress

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Retrospective

examination of past case histories and medical test results conducted on patients in an outbreak

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Florence Nightingale

compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care

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Robert Koch

developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease

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Joseph Lister

showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites

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John Snow

determined the source of a cholera outbreak in London