oxidation reduction vocab

Oxidation reduction reaction

A reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred ; occurs simultaneously—— cannot have one without the other

Redox reactions-

Another name for oxidation reduction reaction

Oxidation state-

(Also called oxidation numbers) a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in redox reactions according to certain rules

Reduction-

A decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)

Oxidation-

An increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)

Reducing agent

(electron donor) a reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms.

Oxidizing agent

(Electron acceptor) a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion

Equal in Magnitude and sign to its ionic charge. For example, the oxidation number of the bromide ion, Br^-1; that of the Fe+3 ion is +3

The oxidation number of a hydrogen in a compound is

Always +1 except in metal hydrides, for example NaH, where it is -1

Oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is always

-2 except in peroxide, for example, H2O2, where it is -1

The oxidation number for an uncombined element is

zero. For example, the oxidation number of the potassium atoms and potassium metal, K, and the nitrogen atoms and nitrogen gas, N2, is zero

For any neutral compound

The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the compound must equal zero

For a polyatomic ion

The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the ionic charge of the ion

Oxidation originally meant

The combination of an element with oxygen

Reduction originally meant

The loss of oxygen from a compound