Greek World (Archaic - Hellenistic Periods)

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600 BC - 31 BC

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19 Terms

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kouros (pl. kouroi)

nude depictions of the Greek idea of a male body

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kore (korai)

early (around 530 bc) Greek statues of women always dressed in elaborate clothing

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panhellenic sanctuary

site of festivals and games on a regional scale

primary examples are Olympia and Delphi (Sanctuary of Apollo 8th-4th cent. BC)

competitions were regularly organized to honor the gods

place for display and competition between poleis

center of regional ideology and identity

location for articulation of elite identiy

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<p>Delphi: Panhellenic Sanctuary: Sanctuary of Apollo: The Siphnian Treasury</p>

Delphi: Panhellenic Sanctuary: Sanctuary of Apollo: The Siphnian Treasury

530-525 BC

Built by citizens from island of Siphnos as a thanks offering for discovery of gold

example of caryatids and gigantomachy frieze

extensive use of ionic sculptural elements

made entirely of marble

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caryatid 

columns carved in the shape of women that support the front of a roof

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gigantomachy

God versus Giants

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Persian Wars (mid 6th century BC)

Greek cities of Ionia (west coast of Turkey) come under Persian control

499 = Ionian revolt, Persians regain control

492 = Persians attack and gain control of the Aegean islands

490 = Battle of Marathon saves Athens

480 = Athens destroyed by Persians

479 = Battle of Plataea, Greeks come together in temporary alliance to defeat Persians

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stoa

a colonnaded porch with a roof and a solid rear wall (or rooms in the rear)

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<p></p>

Delphi: Sanctuary of Apollo: The Stoa of the Athenians (c. 478)

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<p></p>

Delphi: Sanctuary of Apollo: The Theatre (4th century BC)

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major athenian events of 5th century BC - early and high classical

480 - Athens destroyed by Persians

479 - Greeks defeat Persians (battle of Plataea)

477 - Athens sets up Delian League

454 - Treasury of Delian League transferred to Athens

431 - Beginning of Peloponnesian War

404 - Athenian Empire dismantled by Sparta

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cavea

seating area for the audience typically constructed on a natural slop of a hillside to form a bowl-shaped space

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orchestra

central, circular performance space located at the base of the theatre

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skene

structure of Greek theatre located at the back of the stage originally conceived as a tent used for storing costumes and masks and providing space for actors to change and retreat during performances

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inlay

contrasting material set into a surface in pieces to form a design

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Severe style

sculpture style in the Early Classical period (490-450 BC); marks the breakdown of the canonical forms of archaic art and the transition to the greatly expanded vocabulary of expression 

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Lysippos

a great Late Classical sculptor who won such renown that Alexander the Great selected him to create his official portrait

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Attalids

Kingdom / Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon

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Altar of Zeus from Pergamon

199-150 BC

Gigantomachy theme (defeat of the Gauls)

Interior occupied by myth of Telephos (founder of Pergamon)

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