US History UNIT 3: Westward Expansion REVIEW

American Progress

• by John Gast

• Natives —> White Settlers

• Advancement of technology and industrialization

• White woman with bible

• Spread of Christianity

Manifest Destiny

Belief where the US has a divine right and duty to expand its territory through industrialization and religion

Mountain Men

• trapping animals —> obtain furs

• sought money, land, and freedom

• traveled on foot, carriage, boat, and train

Santa Fe Trail

• Missouri —> New Mexico

• Search of markets

• Americans traders

• Found good/silver (huge profits)

Oregon Trail

• Independence, Missouri —> Oregon Territory

• Found rich land which attracted American settlers

• Wagon trains were used

• Dangerous trail —> many deaths

Mormon Trail

• Illinois —> Utah

• Religious migration

• Members of Church

• People worked hard, shared goods, and prospered

• They made many enemies

Donner Party

• Many issues: started late in season, lack of food and resources

• Cannibalism

Nullification Crisis

• Sparked by South Carolina’s claim to nullify (avoid) federal tariffs because they were unconstitutional

• President Jackson issued the Nullification Proclamation against states’ ability to nullify tariffs

One Last Gain of Land: “54-40 or Fight”

• Britain & US disagree about ownership of Oregon Territory

• President Polk. Liam’s US has ownership within 54-40 lines

• Compromise leads to US control of 49-40 territory

To protect the region against Native American control

Why did Mexico welcome Americans to its northern border?

Stephen Austin

First person to receive grant and right to settle 300 families

Mexico’s requirements of American Settlers

• speak Spanish

• Convert to Catholicism

• Become Mexican citizens

• NO slavery

America’s Response to Mexico’s requirements

• Remained Protestant

• Spoke English

• Kept Slaves

Battle Of Alamo

• Texans defending the fort and their independence from Mexican Rule

• President Santa Anna of Mexico’s tyrannical government

• Texans were slaughtered by Mexicans

• Reality check

• “Remember the Alamo”

President Santa Anna

• President of Mexico during Battle of Alamo

• Stripped Texas and other Mexican states to self-govern —> American Rebellion begins —> Battle of Alamo

President Polk

President during Mexican-American War

Causes of the Mexican-American War

• Westward expansion by US

• dispute over Texas border

Spark of Mexican-American War

President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to move into disputed territory over the Texas border

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mexican cession treaty ended Mexican-American war

• resulted in Rio Grande recognized as southern border of Texas

• resulted in US paying $15 million to Mexico for large territory

• US took on some of Mexico’s debts

Gasden Purchase

Mexico sold area of land to US needed for southern transcontinental railroad for $10 million

Temperance Movement

• Focused on getting people to abstain from liquor consumption

• Various leaders

Abolition Movement

• Focused on emancipation of slaves and ending slavery/white supremacy in the South

• Leaders: William Garrison, Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth

Women’s Suffrage Movement

• Focused on getting women the right to vote and more rights to property and education

• Leaders: Elizabeth Cady, Stanton, Lucretia Mott

Bleeding Kansas

People violently fought over whether Kansas territory would be a free or slave state

Compromise of 1850

Addresses the issue of slavery in newly acquired territories after the Mexican-American War

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Allowed people in the Kansas and Nebraska territories to choose whether they were free or slave states due to popular sovereignty (led to Bleeding Kansas)

John Brown

Radical abolitionist during Bleeding Kansas who led attacks against pro-slavery settlers including the Pottawatomi Massacre