PHYL 141 Exam #2 Review
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Last updated 6:41 AM on 10/30/22
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153 Terms
1
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Hyaline
What cartilage is located between tips of ribs
and bones of the sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints;
supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part
of nasal septum?
and bones of the sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints;
supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part
of nasal septum?
2
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Hyaline
What cartilage provides stiff but somewhat flexible
support; reduces friction between bony surfaces?
support; reduces friction between bony surfaces?
3
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Elastic
What cartilage is located in the Auricle of the external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal; cuneiform cartilage of the larynx?
4
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Elastic
What cartilage Provides support, but tolerates distortion
without damage and returns to its original shape?
without damage and returns to its original shape?
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Fibrocartilage
What cartilage is located in Pads within the knee joint; between pubic bones of the pelvis; intervertebral discs?
6
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Fibrocartilage
What cartilage Resists compression; prevents bone to-bone contact;
limits movement?
limits movement?
7
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collagen + bone mineral= bone matrix
What is the extracellular matrix of bone tissue?
8
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osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteogenic cells
What are the bone cells?
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Osteoblasts
What secretes osteoid and builds new bone matrix?
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Osteocytes
What maintains this new bone matrix?
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Osteogenic cells
What cell is a stem cell that generates osteoblasts and osteocytes?
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ossification
What is the process of forming a bone or converting a bone?
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Intramembranous Ossification
What ossification is during fetal development, produces dermal bones, and no cartilage is required?
14
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flat bones in the skull or face, mandible, clavicle
What kind of dermal bones does the Intramembranous ossification produce?
15
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Endochondral Ossification
What ossification is it when most bones start as hyaline cartilage but ends up getting replaced with bone?
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Intrascartilaginous Ossification
What is endochondral ossification also known as?
17
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Epiphysis
On the long bone, what structure region is at the ends of the bone?
18
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Diaphysis
On the long bone, what structure region is in the center of the bone?
19
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Metaphysis
On the long bone, what structure region is where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis?
20
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Compact Bone
What bone has a cortical structure?
21
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Spongy Bone
What bone has a cancellous/trabecular structure?
22
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Red Marrow
What bone marrow is found in flat bones and spongy ends of long bones?
23
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Red Marrow
What bone marrow is the source of hematopoietic cells (RBC, WBC, platelets)?
24
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Red Marrow
What bone marrow is converted to yellow marrow with age?
25
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Yellow Marrow
What bone marrow stores lipids, adipose tissues, nucleus, and cytoplasm?
26
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Interstitial
What type of bone growth is based on length wise?
27
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Appositional
What type of bone growth is based on the bone getting thicker?
28
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Epiphyseal Plate
What growth plate is a hyaline cartilage and the site of new bone growth?
29
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Vitamin D, C, K, B12
What type of Vitamins do you need for proper bone growth?
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Vitamin D
What Vitamin is a group of steroid hormones, fat-soluble, increases absorption of calcium in intestines, decreases osteoclast activity, and decreases Ca excretion?
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Vitamin C
What vitamin stimulates collagen synthesis, collagen needed for the bone matrix?
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Vitamin K
What vitamin is needed for Ca-binding proteins to help to concentrate Ca in bone tissue?
33
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Vitamin B12
What vitamin causes loss in bone density when the vitamin is experiencing deficiency and needed by osteoblasts?
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Thyroxine, growth hormone, sex hormones
What hormones control bone growth?
35
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Thyroxine
What hormone is the major form of thyroid hormones?
36
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Estrogen and Androgen
What are the 2 sex hormones?
37
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Calcitriol
What is made in kidneys, made from vitamin D3, increases Ca+ and phosphate absorption from food, and increases reabsorption of Ca2+ from blood?
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Parathyroid Hormone
What activates osteoclasts, increases Ca2+ absorption in GI, increases kidney calcitriol production, and increases in reabsorption of Ca2+?
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Calcitonin
What decreases osteoclast activity, decreases Ca+ absorption, decreases calcitriol production, and increases Ca2+ excretion?
40
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Long
What bone shape is this?
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Short
What bone shape is this?
42
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Flat
What bone shape is this?
43
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Sesamoid
What bone shape is this?
44
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Sutural
What bone shape is this?
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Irregular
What bone shape is this?
46
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"Bumps"
What bone marking allows tissues to grab onto a bone and/or fit into a socket or groove?
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"Depressions and Openings"
What bone marking fits projections, form around things, or form passages through bone?
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Foramen
What bone marking is a hole in a bone?
49
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Tubercle
What bone marking is a small, lumpy shape?
50
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Condyle
What bone marking is like "knuckle"?
51
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Skull
What is this?
52
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Cervical Vertebrae
What is this?
53
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Thoracic Vertebrae
What is this?
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Sternum
What is this?
55
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Costal Cartilages
What is this?
56
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Ribs
What is this?
57
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Lumbar Vertebrae
What is this?
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Sacrum
What is this?
59
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Coccyx
What is this?
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8 cranial
How many skull bones protect the brain?
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14 facial
How many skull bones protect facial entrances to the body?
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Parietal
What is this?
63
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Frontal
What is this?
64
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Ethmoid
What is this?
65
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Occipital
What is this?
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Temporal
What is this?
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Sphenoid
What is this?
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Sagittal
What suture is this?
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Coronal
What suture is this?
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Lambdoid
What suture is this?
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Squamous
What suture is this?
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Anterior
What fontanelle is this?
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Posterior
What fontanelle is this?
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Vomer
What facial bones is this?
75
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Conchae
What facial bones is this?
76
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Nasal
What facial bones is this?
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Maxilla
What facial bones is this?
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Mandible
What facial bones is this?
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Palatine
What facial bones is this?
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Zygomatic
What facial bones is this?
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Lacrimal
What facial bones is this?
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Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
What makes up the nasal complex?
83
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Hyoid
What is this?
84
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It doesn't directly touch any other bone in the skeleton
Why is the hyoid unique?
85
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Cervical
What is this?
86
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7
How many vertebrae are there for cervical?
87
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Thoracic
What is this?
88
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12
How many vertebrae are there for thoracic?
89
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Lumbar
What is this?
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5
How many vertebrae are there for Lumbar?
91
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Sacral
What is this?
92
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5
How many are fused for the Sacral?
93
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Coccygeal
What is this?
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4
How many are fused for Coccygeal?
95
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C1 Atlas
What is this?
96
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C2 Axis
What is this?
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pivoting movement
What makes C1 and C2 special?
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Cervical Vertebrae
This is a...
99
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Thoracic Vertebrae
This is a...
100
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Lumbar Vertebrae
This is a...
