CS 200 - Module 9

Types of Programming Languages

Procedural Programming (Concept)

Execution follows a sequence of instructions grouped into procedures (also called functions or subroutines)

Key Characteristics of Procedural Programming

• Derived from structured programming concepts

• The program is a step-by-step list of instructions

• Procedures are modular mini-programs that can be called from anywhere in the main program

Examples of Procedural Programming Languages

COBOL & Algol

Uses of Procedural Programming

Best for tasks requiring clear, stepwise computations and control flow

Object-Oriented Programming (Concept)

Combines data and methods that manipulate that data into objects

Key Characteristics of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Encapsulation – bundling data and methods into one unit (object)

• Objects interact through method calls

• Classes act as blueprints for creating objects, defining properties and methods

Examples of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages

C++, Java, and Swift

Uses of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages

• Ideal for complex systems with interacting entities

• Common in GUI applications and real-world simulations

Functional Programming (Concept)

Computation is done by passing data through pure functions to produce results without side effects

Key Characteristics of Functional Programming

• Functions are first-class: can be passed as arguments, returned, and composed

• Avoids shared mutable state; data is immutable

• Pure functions produce the same output for the same input

Benefits of Functional Programming

• Easier to reason about

• Supports concurrency and parallelism

Examples of Functional Programming

Lisp, ML, Haskell, and Scheme

Uses of Functional Programming

• Mathematical computations

• Parallel processing

• Programs requiring high reliability

Type: Procedural | Key Features: ?

Procedures, modularity, structured flow

Type: Object-Oriented | Key Features: ?

Classes, objects, methods, inheritance

Type: Functional | Key Features: ?

Pure functions, immutability, first-class funcs