Molecular Biology
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37 Terms
What must living cells do to carry out different functions?
produce proteins
Living cells must produce proteins for what?
to carry out different functions
How can cells produce proteins?
by using RNA to transcribe and translate the cells’ DNA
What happens by using RNA to transcribe and translate the cells’ DNA
cells can produce proteins
What is DNA also known as?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
What is DNA?
the genetic material that contains the information necessary to produce proteins
What is the genetic material that contains the information necessary to produce proteins?
DNA
What is DNA made up of?
two long chains of molecules called nucleotides arranged as a double helix
What is made up of two long chains of molecules called nucleotides arranged as a double helix?
DNA
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?
the nucleus
What is found in the nucleus in eukaryotes?
DNA
Why does a cell use RNA?
To get the information stored in DNA out of the nucleus
What does a cell use to get the information stored in DNA out of the nucleus?
RNA
How is RNA similar to DNA?
it is made up nucleotides
What are both made up of nucleotides?
DNA and RNA
How is RNA not similar to DNA?
RNA is single stranded and can move out of the nucleus
What is it not similar to DNA because it is single stranded and can move out of the nucleus?
RNA
What must happen to produce proteins?
the information in DNA must get out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
The information in DNA must get out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm for what?
to produce proteins
What is transcription?
the process of transferring information from DNA to RNA
What is the process of transferring information from DNA to RNA?
transcription
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
the nucleus
What process occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes?
transcription
What happens during transcription?
enzymes separate the strands of DNA for the sequence of nucleotides from one DNA strand to be transcribed onto a new RNA molecule. Then the single-stranded RNA molecules move into the cytoplasm where transcription occurs.
During what process do enzymes separate the strands of DNA for the sequence of nucleotides from one DNA strand it be transcribed onto a new RNA molecule. Then the single-stranded RNA molecules move into the cytoplasm where transcription occurs?
transcription
What happens during translation?
the ribosome allows the cell to decode the RNA molecules and build proteins
The ribosome allows the cell to decode the RNA molecules and build proteins during what?
translation
What is a codon?
a set of three nucleotides in RNA that corresponds to one of the 20 amino acids
What is a set of three nucleotides in RNA that corresponds to one of the 20 amino acids?
a codon
What does the ribosome do to build a chain of amino acids?
read each codon
What reads each codon to build a chain of amino acids?
ribosomes
Ribosomes reads each codon to do what?
build a chain of amino acids
What is a protein?
the completed chain of amino acids
The completed chain of amino acids is called what?
a protein
Although there are only 20 different amino acids to build proteins,
they can be assembled into thousands of different proteins
Amino acids can be assembled into thousands of different proteins, even though
there are only 20 different amino acids