Skeletal System and Articulations Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering bone classification, skeletal anatomy, and the structural types of joints based on lecture transcripts.

What are the two main types of osseous tissue described in the notes?

Compact bone (dense and organized) and Spongy bone (cancellous bone with trabeculae).

Where is yellow bone marrow typically found in an adult?

In the central medullary cavity of mature long bones.

What is the term for the production of blood cells occurring in red bone marrow?

Hematopoiesis

In a long bone, what is the term for the main shaft and what is it primarily composed of?

The Diaphysis, which is primarily composed of compact bone.

What is the narrow zone connecting the diaphysis and epiphysis that contains the epiphyseal plate during growth?

Metaphysis

Which cranial bone contains the Foramen Magnum and the Occipital Condyles?

Occipital Bone

What specific structure within the Sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?

Sella Turcica

How many cranial bones and facial bones are there in total?

There are $8$ cranial bones and $14$ facial bones.

Which facial bone is the largest and is the only movable bone in the skull?

Mandible

What is the defining unique feature of the Hyoid bone?

It does not articulate directly with any other bone; it acts as an anchor for tongue and swallowing muscles.

List the three types of abnormal spinal curvatures and their descriptions.

Scoliosis (pathological lateral curvature), Kyphosis (excessive posterior thoracic curvature), and Lordosis (excessive anterior lumbar curvature).

What are the three parts of the Sternum (Breastbone)?

The Manubrium (superior), the Body (middle), and the Xiphoid Process (inferior).

Distinguish between True Ribs, False Ribs, and Floating Ribs.

True Ribs (Pairs $1-7$) attach directly to the sternum; False Ribs (Pairs $8-12$) do not attach directly; Floating Ribs (Pairs $11-12$) are unattached anteriorly.

The Glenoid cavity is a landmark of which bone?

Scapula

Which forearm bone is located laterally (on the thumb side) and rotates during pronation?

Radius

What term refers to the thumb (Digit $1$) and how many phalanges does it have?

Pollex; it has $2$ phalanges (Proximal and Distal).

The coxal bone (hip bone) is formed by the fusion of which three bones?

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

What is the name of the deep lateral socket where the femur articulates with the pelvic girdle?

Acetabulum

Which lower leg bone is the primary weight-bearing bone, and which is non-weight-bearing?

The Tibia is the weight-bearing bone; the Fibula is the non-weight-bearing bone.

What are the two largest tarsal bones mentioned in the notes?

The Talus (articulates with the tibia) and the Calcaneus (heel bone).

How are Fibrous Joints classified in terms of movement?

They are generally immovable (synarthrotic).

What is the difference between a Synchondrosis and a Symphysis?

A Synchondrosis is bound by hyaline cartilage (immovable), while a Symphysis is bound by fibrocartilage pads (slightly movable).

Name the four essential anatomical components of a Synovial Joint.

Articular Cartilage, Joint Cavity, Articular/Joint Capsule, and Synovial Fluid.