Gilded Age Urbanization and Immigration

These flashcards cover key concepts related to urbanization and immigration during the Gilded Age, including societal changes, architectural innovations, political dynamics, and cultural developments.

What characterized urban sprawl during the Gilded Age?

Cities expanded outward, creating distinct inner and outer cores.

What enabled workers to live farther from factories in the Gilded Age?

Mass transit such as streetcars and elevated railways.

What were the two main groups of immigrants during the Gilded Age?

Old immigrants from Northern & Western Europe and New immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe.

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

The first major federal law limiting the entry of a specific group, targeting Chinese immigrants.

How did political machines like Tammany Hall operate?

They offered services in exchange for votes, reinforcing patronage networks.

What were 'birds of passage'?

Transient workers living in poor conditions while seeking employment.

What did Henry George advocate in 'Progress and Poverty'?

He argued that industrial inequality required a land value tax.

What was a significant change in education by 1900?

Compulsory education laws led to a 90% literacy rate.

What principle did Louis Sullivan encapsulate with 'Form Follows Function'?

Architectural design should be based on the intended function of the building.

What was the impact of ragtime music in urban culture?

Ragtime emerged as a precursor to jazz and was popular in urban venues.

What was the purpose of the 'dumbbell' tenement design?

To add air shafts for ventilation in response to health hazards.