Law and Gov unit one test

Government

The institution through society makes and enforces its public policies

State

A body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically and with the power to make/enforce laws without the consent of any higher authority

Public Policy

All of the things a government decides to do (e.g., taxation, defense, education).

Social Contract

An agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Force Theory

One person or small group claimed control over an area and forced everyone to submit.

Evolutionary Theory

State developed naturally out of the early family unit, which expanded into clans and tribes

Divine Right Theory

God created the state and granted royal birth line the "divine right" to rule.

Social Contract Theory

People gave up absolute freedom to the state in exchange for protection, safety, and rights (popularized by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes)

Declaration of Independence

Declared separation from Great Britain based on natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) and consent of the governed.

Articles of Confederation

The USA's first constitution; failed because the central government was too weak (could not tax, enforce laws, or raise an army).

US Constitution (1787)

Replaced the Articles to establish a stronger federal system with balanced powers.

Executive

Serve as Commander-in-Chief, issue executive orders, pardon federal crimes, negotiate treaties, appoint judges/officials, veto legislation.

Legislative

Declare war, tax and spend, override vetoes, confirm presidential appointments, approve treaties, impeach officials.

Judicial

declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional