Acid-Base Chemistry: Proton Power - Practice Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the fundamental terms and definitions of acid-base chemistry based on Chapter 10 lecture notes.

Acid

A proton donor.

Base

A proton acceptor.

Arrhenius acid

A substance discovered by Svante Arrhenius that releases an $H^+$ ion into solution when dissolved in water.

Arrhenius base

A species that, when dissolved in water, produces $OH^-$ ions.

Brønsted-Lowry base

Any compound that accepts protons, including substances that do not contain the $OH^-$ ion like ammonia ($NH_3$).

Hydronium ion

The ion that forms when an $H^+$ ion bonds with a water molecule, represented by the chemical formula $H_3O^+$.

Corrosion

The destruction of a substance through an oxidation-reduction reaction, such as the etching of glass by hydrofluoric acid ($HF$).

Salt

An ionic compound that is the product of a neutralization reaction, formed from the anion of the acid and the cation of the base.

Conjugate base

The atom or molecule left behind after $H^+$ dissociates from an acid.

Conjugate acid

The molecule formed when an $H^+$ ion joins a base.

Acidic hydrogen atom

The hydrogen attached to the oxygen in the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid that dissociates in water to form an $H^+$ ion.

Strong acid

An acid that completely or almost completely ionizes when dissolved in water.

Weak acid

An acid that only partially dissociates into ions when dissolved.

Strong base

A base that completely or almost completely ionizes, such as sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$).

Weak base

A base that only partially dissociates when dissolved, such as sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$).

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Internet-available sheets that list procedures for handling individual chemicals safely, including their physical properties and potential hazards.

Self-ionization of water

The spontaneous process where a hydrogen atom moves from one water molecule to another, forming a hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$) and a hydroxide ion ($OH^-$).

Indicator

A substance that changes color when the number of hydronium ions in a solution changes, indicating relative acidity or alkalinity.

pH scale

A 14-point logarithmic scale used to express relative acidity or alkalinity based on the power of Hydrogen.

Acid-base titration

A laboratory procedure used by scientists to determine the concentration (molarity) of an acid or base solution.

Buffer

A combination of a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base used to maintain a solution within a certain pH range.