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What are the two fundamental theories of electrical engineering?
Electric Circuit Theory, which focuses on the analysis and design of electrical circuits, and Electromagnetic Theory, which deals with the behavior of electric fields and magnetic fields and their interactions.
What is an electric circuit?
An electric circuit is a closed loop that allows electric current to flow, consisting of components such as resistors, capacitors, and power sources that are interconnected.
What is the goal of circuit analysis?
The goal of circuit analysis is to determine how voltages, currents, and power dissipation are distributed within an electrical circuit, utilizing both analytical techniques and computer software applications.
What measurement system do engineers use?
Engineers use the International System of Units (SI), which is a standardized system of measurement that includes units such as meters for distance, kilograms for mass, seconds for time, and amperes for electric current.
What is the basic quantity in an electric circuit?
Charge is the basic quantity in an electric circuit, representing the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
What is the unit of charge?
The unit of charge is the Coulomb (C), which is defined as the amount of electric charge transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second.
What is the charge of an electron?
The charge of an electron is approximately -1.602 x 10^-19 coulombs, indicating that it carries a negative electric charge.
What does the law of conservation of charge state?
The law of conservation of charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant; charge can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be transferred from one part of the system to another.
What is electric current?
Electric current is the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor, and it is commonly associated with the flow of electrons in a circuit.
What is the unit of current?
The unit of current is the Ampere (A), which is defined as one coulomb of charge passing through a point in a circuit in one second.
What is direct current (DC)?
Direct current (DC) is an electric current that flows consistently in a single direction, maintaining a constant magnitude over time.
What is alternating current (AC)?
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude, commonly described as a sinusoidal waveform.
What is voltage?
Voltage, often referred to as electric potential difference, is the work done per unit charge to move a charge between two points in an electrical field, enabling current flow.
What is the unit of voltage?
The unit of voltage is the Volt (V), which defines the potential difference that will drive one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance.
What is a voltage drop?
A voltage drop occurs when electrical energy is converted to heat or work in a circuit due to a resistor or load, resulting in reduced voltage across that component compared to its source.
What is power in electrical terms?
Power in electrical terms is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or converted into another form of energy, such as heat or mechanical energy.
What is the unit of power?
The unit of power is the Watt (W), which represents one joule of energy transferred per second.
What does a positive sign indicate in the passive sign convention?
In the passive sign convention, a positive sign indicates that power is being absorbed by the element, reflecting that the element is consuming energy from the circuit.
What does a negative sign indicate in the passive sign convention?
A negative sign in the passive sign convention indicates that power is being supplied by the element, indicating that it is delivering energy to the circuit.
What is energy?
Energy is defined as the capacity to perform work or produce heat, and it exists in various forms, including electrical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical.
What is the unit of energy?
The unit of energy is the Joule (J), which is equivalent to the energy transferred when a force of one newton acts over one meter.
How do electric power utility companies measure energy?
Electric power utility companies measure energy consumption using watt-hours (Wh), where one watt-hour is defined as the energy consumed by a one-watt device running for one hour, equivalent to 3,600 joules.
What are passive elements?
Passive elements are electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors that do not generate energy but instead consume or store electric energy.
What are active elements?
Active elements are devices like generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers that can produce or amplify energy within a circuit.
What are independent sources?
Independent sources are voltage or current sources that supply a fixed amount of voltage or current irrespective of other circuit elements, maintaining consistent values.
What are dependent sources?
Dependent sources are voltage or current sources whose output is dependent on another voltage or current in the circuit, effectively controlled by circuit conditions.
What is resistance?
Resistance is a property of a material that quantifies how much it opposes the flow of electric current, with higher resistance leading to reduced current flow.
What is the unit of resistance?
The unit of resistance is the Ohm (Ω), defined as the amount of resistance that allows one ampere of current to flow when one volt of electrical potential is applied.
What does Ohm's Law state?
Ohm's Law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor, expressed mathematically as V=IR.
What is a short circuit?
A short circuit is an electrical fault that occurs when a path with very low resistance is created, causing a large amount of current to flow, which can lead to circuit damage.
What is an open circuit?
An open circuit is a break in a circuit that prevents current from flowing, typically resulting in infinite resistance.
What is conductance?
Conductance is the measure of how easily electricity flows through a material, being the reciprocal of resistance, and is indicative of a conductor's capacity to pass electrical current.
What is the unit of conductance?
The unit of conductance is the Siemens (S), which is equal to one reciprocal ohm.
What does Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) state?
Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a junction or node in an electrical circuit equals the total current leaving the junction, ensuring charge conservation.
What does Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) state?
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop must equal zero, reflecting that energy supplied by sources equals energy consumed by elements.
What is voltage division used for?
Voltage division is a method used to calculate the voltage drop across each resistor in a series circuit, based on the proportion of the resistor's resistance relative to the total resistance.
What is current division used for?
Current division is a technique used to calculate the current flowing through each branch of a parallel circuit based on the resistance values and the total current entering the circuit.
What are Wye (Y) and Delta (Δ) Networks?
Wye (Y) and Delta (Δ) Networks are configurations used to analyze three-phase electrical circuits, where
