9) varieties of american nationalism

henry clay

from kentucky

holds several high positions

runs for president but never wins

ambiguous (open-minded) when it comes to slavery

COMPROMISE

daniel webster

from new hampshire (northerner)

anti-slavery

holds high positions, never president

john c calhoun

from south carolina

pro-slavery

goes for states rights

becomes vice president twice, never president

john quincy adams

from quincy, massachusetts

also holds many positions

becomes president

anti-slavery

the government and economic growth

state banks made bank notes as currency

bank notes = paper money

second national bank of the us

established after the first national bank charter expired

chartered for 1816-1836

protective tarrif (tax)

a tax that the us consumer pays to encourage the buying of the american textile industry instead of the british made textiles for less money

the issue of transportation

questioned whether the federal gov’t should help finance and construct roads, canals, and/or steamships

argued it was in national interest to make them

henry clay and te american system

the second bank of the us is passed

got the protective tarrif is passed

but his transportation idea got vetoed by james madison, argued that it was unconstitutional

westward expansion

the us population almost doubled between 1800-1820

they perceived that the east was getting crowded

farmland in the east was already taken

there was plentiful, cheap land in the west

(although natives were already living there)

white settlers in the old northwest (present mid-west: ohio, indiana, wisconsin)

close family units

limited contact with others

mutual, neighborly help for large-scale projects

- barn-raising: social gatherings

mobility - settlers lived in an area for a while, then sold their property and moved further westward

plantation system in the southwest

alabama and mississippi

forests are cleared to plant cotton

with the spread of cotton came the spread of slavery

small-scale farms

early westward pioneers

auguste chouteau

• settler in st. louis

john jacob astor - german immigrant

• oregon = FUR

• american fur company

william henry ashley

• rendezvous - promotes westward engagement

the era of good feelings

the war is over and there is no more political issues because the federalist party is gone - the end of the first party system

the virginia dynasty

washington, jefferson, madison, monroe - 1816-1820

end of the first party system

james monroe - president

john quincy adams - secretary of state

john c calhoun - secretary of war

• henry clay had declined the offer

john quincy adams and florida

was a really good diplomat since he was chief of foreign affairs

was a us senator, ambassador to portugal and russia, and now secretary of state

• began negotiations with spain about getting florida

andrew jackson

southerner from tennessee

slave-holder

concerned about runaway slaves that would cross into florida to gain freedom, which he was opposed to

leads us troops pursuing runaway slaves into florida, which was spanish territory

john calhoun

PRO-SLAVERY

agrees with andrew jasckson to retrieve runaway slaves

seminole wars

soldiers from spain and britian in florida were hurt because of jackson’s plan to retrieve the runaway slaves

3 total wars

adams argues that they could take spain from them since they were successful in getting the slaves

adams-onis treaty of 1819

us acquired florida

us gave up its claims to texas

the panic of 1819 (recession)

• boom and bust

• post-war economic boom

  • second national bank

• businesses failed

• farms foreclosed

• rampant unemployment

• thousands imprisoned in debtor’s prisons

causes and solutions of the panic of 1819

increase tarrifs - northerners

lower tarrifs - southerners

2nd bank of the us - everyone agrees its the banks fault (especially andrew jackson)

sectionalism and nationalism

changing demographics - immigrants

growing population in the north due to the ports being there and it was easier to get there

• urban, industrial, commercial

shift in balance of power - the north is getting additional representation due to increasing population

missouri compromise of 1820

tallmadge amendment

• slavery

compromise

dartmouth college v woodward

is it a valid legal document/

court decides that it is a valid contract

a contract is a contract

gibbons v ogden

about the right to operate steamships in the ny harbor

establishes that the supreme court decides disputes between states

mcculloch v maryland

most people didnt like the bank so they tried taxing it out of existence

we are a federal institution so the bank has no right to tax us

states cant do anything to federal institutions

latin american revolutions

simon bolivar

jose de san martin

us recognition of the independence of latin american countries

the monroe doctorine

idea of john quincy adams but named after monroe

4 takeaways:

• “the american continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonizations by any european powers”

• the us would consider any attempt by european powers to extend their system to any part of the us as dangerous to the peace and safety

• the us would not interfere with existing european colonies

• the us would keep out of the internal affairs of european nations and their wars

the election of 1824

by this time, it was established that the secretary of state was going to be the next president, who was

the caucus system - a meeting of powerful people deciding who they want to see in power

defying the caucus - the caucus system decided to pick someone else - william crawford

candidates:

• william crawford (caucus)

• john quincy adams

• henry clay

• andrew jackson

• john c calhoun (dropped out to run for vp)

votes in the election of 1824

andrew jackson won the popular vote and the electoral vote but he did not win because he didnt have more than half of the votes

didnt have a majority so it went to the house of reps and john quincy adams won de house votes

election of 1824 outcomes

6th president of the us: john quincy adams

vice president: john c calhoun

secretary of state: henry clay appointed by adams

jackson claims it as a “corrupt bargain”

tariff of abominations (tariff of 1828)

north thought it favored the west

west thought it favored the north

south thought it favored everybody but them

everybody blamed adams

election of 1828

john quincy adams vs andrew jackson

the first campaign with “mudslinging”

accusations by jackson

• adams was too “elitist” (too european)

• adams was a gambler

• adams pimped his childs nanny to the czar of russia

accusations by adams

• jackson was too unrefined

• coffin handbills - jackson was a murderer - deaths in the course of war and dueling

• jackson was living in sin in an unlawful marriage

outcome of the election of 1828

jackson wins